183 
ences between these species are so slight, however, that ijo one but a 
specialist would detect them, and the habits are practically the same 
for all. 
EXPERIMENTS WITH REMEDIES. 
Judging from the results obtained by Mr. Slingeiiand, the period of 
my two examinations of Mr. Emory's orchard was not favorable for 
the application of remedies, the trees being covered with adults and 
the leaves being rapidly stocked with eggs. Nevertheless, to satisfy 
myself as to the effects of various washes on the eggs, a variety of 
careful tests were made. Young trees were selected, the leaves of 
which were Avell covered with eggs, and were very carefully and thor- 
oughly sprayed with the mixtures. The applications were all made on 
the 31st of July, on a very hot, scorching afternoon, and the following 
days were of a similar character, no rain of any importance falling 
for nearly a week. The insecticides experimented with were milk and 
whale-oil soap kerosene emulsions diluted with 9 and 7 parts of water, 
and the soap emulsion also with parts of water; the resin wash; and 
an emulsion made by using the resin wash in lieu of soap, with kero- 
sene, this being also diluted with 9 and 7 parts of water. Xotes taken 
on the day following, and the two or three subsequent days, indicate 
that with the stronger mixtures of each of the three emulsions men- 
tioned there was a slight change in the appearance of various per- 
centages of the eggs on the leaves. This change consisted in their 
assuming a reddish orange color, quite unlike the normal tint of the 
newly deposited egg, and also much darker and more uniform than 
the color assumed by the egg just before hatching. The young larvae 
disclosed at the time of the application were destroyed in every case. 
Examination of the leaves ten days after treatment indicated that 
this yellowing of the eggs really had resulted from the action of the 
insecticides, the eggs so colored having failed to hatch, and were, for 
the most part, shrivelled and dead. From 75 to 95 per cent of the 
eggs were killed with the 7-times diluted emulsions, and more than 
half as many with the emulsions 9-times diluted. The results for each 
mixture may be more accurately summarized as follows: 
Milk emulsion diluted 9 times : From 3 to 5 per cent of the eggs dead; one-half 
hatched; balance apparently uninjured. 
Milk emulsion diluted 7 times : 25 per cent of the eggs hatched; halance shriv- 
elled, showing effect of wash. 
Whale-oil soap emulsion diluted 9 times: 25 per cent of eggs hatched: condition 
of remainder douhtful. 
Whale-oil soap emulsion diluted 7 times: 75 per cent killed: 5 per cent hatched; 
condition of the rest douhtful. 
Whale-oil soap emulsion diluted 4i times: 3 to 5 per cent hatched : halance dead; 
discolored or affected by the wash. 
Resin-wash kerosene emulsion diluted 9 times: 25 per cent of eggs hatched; 25 
per cent killed; 50 per cent not certainly injured. 
