187 
suggest the treatment of the trees (luring the winter for this insect 
alone. 
The pear midge has continued its spread in our State in every direc- 
tion. It has reached the extreme northern boundary, and along that 
boundary extends to the Delaware Biver. Its spread westward from 
yew Brunswick I have had no means of ascertaining during the 
present season, and it may not have been great because there is a 
stretch of territory in which not much fruit is grown, immediately west 
and southwest of New Brunswick, and until the Trenton region is 
reached there is little opportunity for the midge to show itself in any 
force. I fully expect, however, that next spring I will hear of the 
insect in that vicinity. Southward the insect has reached Monmouth 
County, not far from the shore, but considerably south of the point 
where I noticed it in 1893. In all localities the injury by the midge 
was greater than ever before, and has resulted in the loss of almost all 
the Lawrence pears grown in the Newark district, and of a large pro- 
portion of the Bartletts. So serious has been the attack that many 
growers are becoming discouraged and speak of abandoning pear 
culture. In the immediate vicinity of New Brunswick every orchard 
known to me is infested at the present time. It will be remembered 
that in one of the orchards near the city I carried on a series of field 
experiments, testing the use of kainit for its killing power on this insect. 
In the summer of 1892 a very heavy dressing had been applied, and in 
1893 there was a practical exemption from injury by the midge in this 
orchard — an infested pear here and there, and in all not half a dozen, 
being found. Immediately adjoining this place almost every pear was 
infested, and not a Lawrence and not 10 per cent of the Bartletts. ever 
reached maturity. Seckel pears escaped in larger proportion, but even 
they were very badly infested. No special application of kainit or other 
fertilizer was made in 1893 in the experiment orchard, and either from 
the few insects that came to maturity in that year, or from some that 
had come over across the fence, a considerable number of the Law- 
rence were infested in 1894. The specimens were thinned out as 
much as possible, and again a very heavy dressing of kainit was 
applied after the larva- had matured. I expect that in 1895 this 
orchard will again be practically exempt. It is interesting to note the 
point that, whereas everywhere else injury has increased each year, in 
this orchard there has been no spread. Only the Lawrence, and 
even here only a very small percentage of the fruit, has been 
touched. I attribute this entirely to the use of the kainit. for I can 
see no other reason why the iusect should not have spread here as well 
as elsewhere but for the application of this material. However, to 
test the matter in quite another locality and under different circum- 
stances, on quite a different soil, I induced a grower near Newark to 
apply the fertilizer at the rate of a ton to an acre, the kainit being 
furnished by the German Kali Works for the purposes of the exueri- 
