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gave me any clear differentiation of the parts of the very young larva-. 
1 found that while there was no trace of distortion in the bud, and it 
was impossible to distinguish with any degree of certainty the infested 
from the sound bud. yet almost immediately after the young pears had 
set. or almost immediately after the flower had become pollenized, a 
change in appearance took place. As soon as the blossoms had dropped 
there was no difficulty whatever in recognizing the infested fruit, and 
here another peculiarity was noticed. While almost all the infested 
pears stuck fast and started growing, most of the apparently sound 
pears dropped almost as soon as growth began; when growth of the 
fruit had fairly started and it was larger than a pea, only infested 
pears remained upon the tree. 
As if this was not sufficient, an entirely new pest on pears was 
brought to my attention this spring. In the vicinity of Hilton and 
Irvington, localities not far from Xewark and lying between Newark 
and Elizabeth, a borer has made its appearance that threatens to kill 
all the pear trees in that region within a very few years. The insect 
has been known for several years, but not until this season was it 
brought to my attention. There was no difficulty in finding the larvae 
in trees of all ages, and there was no difficulty in recognizing it at 
once as that of an Agrilus. The larva 1 when full grown measured 
nearly an inch and a half in length, and a single larva in the course 
of its life made a burrow which, when measured, ranged between 6 
and 8 feet in length ; not in a straight line of course, but in the wind- 
ing and sinuous line which is peculiar to many Buprestid larva-. 
From this enormous larva, making such a wonderfully long burrow, 
I obtained two specimens of an Agrilus scarcely more than one- 
fourth of an inch in length, and which Dr. Horn pronounced as 
probably acutipennis. The determination was made from females 
only, and may have to be changed to auxins, in which the females are 
nearly alike, and the sx^ecific characters are marked in the males alone. 
Before pupating the larva makes a short burrow into the solid wood, 
preparing a chamber in which it undertakes its transformations. The 
pupa state must be extremely short, because, although I visited the 
infested orchards weekly, and found the larvae during the early part 
of the season in the pupal chambers, yet I never found the pupa, and 
always found either a larva just entered into the burrow, or a recently 
vacated burrow, a little round hole being bored through the bark. I 
never found a specimen of the beetle upon the trees, either on the 
leaves or on the trunks; but about the middle of July I began to find 
young larva-. The larva bores between bark and sap wood, its chan- 
nels being distinctly visible in both. Where a number of them are at 
work in the tree it becomes completely girdled sooner or later, and dies. 
Every portion of the trunk is infested, and all the larger branches are 
attacked. But it is not only large trees that the insect attacks: even 
young trees just set out becomes its prey, and from a little sapling set 
