202 
I select a few notes on the principal pests. The region varies in alti- 
tude, in the farming portion, from 700 to 3,500 feet above sea level, with 
a corresponding change in climate. Wheat and fruit are the princi- 
pal crops. 
The wheat aphis (Siphonophora avence) has been almost universally- 
present this year in northern Idaho and eastern Washington. The 
Syrphus flies, lace- wing flies, and ladybirds have pretty well checked it 
at the present writing (July 30). I have seen no internal parasites, 
though Mr. Howard reported some in a shipment sent to him from a 
point in Washington. The aphis must have been in this section for a 
number of years, otherwise it could not have appeared so widely this 
season. Accurate observation on this point is lacking, but some 
farmers say the same outbreak occurred ten or twelve years ago. 
The codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) has been abundant for some 
years in the old fruit-growing region about Lewiston. It is now gradu- 
ally spreading into the newer orchards. Doubtless the spread is very 
largely due to bringing apples from old orchards into the vicinity of 
the newer. 
The bud moth (Tmetocera ocellana) was introduced about Geueseelast 
winter on shipments of apple trees from New York. It attracted con- 
siderable attention, and appears to find the climate favorable to its 
increase. 
The woolly aphis (Schizoneura lanigera) and the apple aphis (Aphis 
mali) are both present, the former in restricted areas and the latter 
quite generally. Both were doubtless introduced on young fruit trees. 
The pear-leaf blister-mite (Phytoptus pyri), which from an economic 
point of view belongs to the entomologist, is quite generally distributed 
through the State. It was, of course, introduced in the buds of young 
trees. 
The San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus ) is known as yet only in 
a limited area about Lewiston, where the oldest orchards are. It was 
introduced on trees. It is the most dreaded of all the insect pests, and 
a considerable effort is made to prevent its getting a foothold in new 
localities. The laws of Idaho permit each county to appoint a " horti- 
cultural commissioner," whose duty is to inspect orchards, fruit stock, 
etc., with ample powers to compel spraying or destruction of property 
nfested. Only three counties have taken advantage of the statute at 
present, the fruit interests of the others being but little developed. 
INSECTS OF THE YEAR. 
By F. M. Webster, Wooster, Ohio. 
To me, in Ohio, the present year has been unusually prolific in those 
unexpected occurrences and outbreaks which happen to a greater or 
less extent every year, and of which we may truthfully say that we 
know not one day what the next will bring forth. In early spring I 
