226 
Development and habits of the insect. — Mr. W. P. Moomaw, who owns 
a large farm in the locality where the grasshoppers were the most abun- 
dant, and to whom the writer is indebted for much valuable informa- 
tion, informed me that he noticed them pairing in the month of May 
of the present year, and that he observed the recently-hatched ones 
early in Jane, while the first winged ones appeared early in the month 
of August. This would indicate only one annual brood, the individuals 
of which attain their wings late in summer or in the autumn, and pass 
the winter in some sheltered place, pairing, and afterwards, depositing 
their eggs early in the following summer. The eggs, as is the case 
with those of other members of this family, are deposited in masses in 
holes made in the ground by the female grasshopper, the upper end of 
the egg-mass being nearly on a level with the surface of the earth. 
There is great irregularity in the time of hatching of the eggs, since, 
as stated above, recently-hatched larva3 belonging to the species under 
consideration were observed early in June and as late as the last week 
in August, while by the date last given fully two- thirds of them had 
already acquired wings. 
After issuing from the eggs, the young cast their skins five times 
before attaining wings. The habits of the winged forms are very inter- 
esting. Toward sunset numbers of them maybe seen flying into the 
tops of neighboring trees, sometimes, in the case of a tall oak or 
hickory tree, alighting in the tops of these from twenty to thirty or 
more feet from the ground. Here they remain during the night, and 
early on the following day they again fly to the ground, usually not 
going any great distance from the trees in which they had passed the 
night. In the early part of the day they were fond of frequenting 
bare ground, especially the middle of roads and paths, while, if there 
were any boards lying on the ground in that vicinity, these formed 
favorite resting-places. Here they could be found congregated in large 
numbers, lying partially upon one side, apparently enjoying to the 
utmost the rays of the morning sun. Later in the day they could fre- 
quently be found in large numbers upon the droppings of horses in the 
roads, and they appeared to be feeding upon these droppings. Even 
in the orchards and corn-fields the winged individuals were fre- 
quently found upon the ground, although their favorite situations were 
on the taller weeds, stalks of corn, or iu trees. 
In the afternoon of August 28, the writer witnessed a partial migra- 
tion of the winged ones. This began at about one o'clock and lasted 
until half past three, there being a light breeze from the southeast 
at the time. All of the grasshoppers did not rise on the wing at once, 
but a few would start up in one place, some in another, and so on, until 
several thousand would be upon the wing at the same time. All of 
them took a northerly direction, and continued upon the wing until lost 
to view. The majority flew obliquely upward until attaining a height 
