249 
Dates of Examination. 
Empty 
pups. 
Pupae 
not 
hatched. 
Larva,'. 
Total. 
July 28 
August 11 . . . 
August 25 . . . 
September 9 . 
September 23 
38 
16 
1 
127 
34 
4 
55 
15 
41 
81 
54 
220 
65 
46 
81 
54 
Mr. Gillette, for Iowa, states that the first larvae begin to escape 
from the fruit about the 1st of July, and by the 4th of July fully one- 
half have emerged. On July 19 several moths were bred from these 
larvae. (Iowa Exp. Sta. Bull. 7, p. 277.) 
Prof. Washburn has also published a table, presumably based on 
breeding records, which indicates certainly two broods, and probably 
three, for Oregon. (Bull. 25, Oregon Exp. Station.) 
Of California Mr. Coquillett says that his notes indicate that it is 
here three-brooded, "the moths from hibernating worms issuing in the 
latter part of March, and during the first half of April, those of the 
next brood appearing in June and during the first half of July, while 
the third brood of moths appear in August and early in September." 
(Bull. 30, Div. Entoin. IT. S. Dept. Agr., p. 30.) 
But I wish to call attention more particularly to my own personal 
experience with this insect, recorded for the most part in the annual 
report of the Kansas Experiment Station for 1888. In the report of 
work with the codling moth by Prof. Popenoe and myself for that year, 
a record is given (p. 178) of the collection of larvae and pupae under 
bands during the season, amounting altogether to 17,215 of the former 
and 3,153 of the latter. The bands were examined and the insects 
removed at intervals of 6 to 10 days, fr om June 25 to October 13, the 
first larvae appearing about July 1. The frequency of the examina. 
tions was designed to prevent the possible transformation and escape 
of any of the insects, and resulted in the collection of very many more 
larvae than pupae, few of the former having time to transform. But, 
nevertheless, the larvae were steadily transforming to pupae through- 
out the season, and a great many moths were bred in an attempt to 
secure all possible parasites. 
An instance, also, of transformation the same season, and very late 
at that, is given by Mr. Howard (Eeport Dept. Agric, 1887, p. 92). He 
reports receiving pupae from Mr. M. B. Newman, of Wyandotte, Kans., 
collected November 12. These were kept in a warm room and yielded 
moths January 8 and 14. A codling moth was also bred at the Depart- 
ment July 28, 1890, from cherries received July 11, 1890, from M. Ban- 
nister, of Ottumwa, Iowa. 
If turther evidence of this general occurrence of two broods were 
needed, it is forthcoming in the great increase in the percentage of 
unsound fruit in September and October, and this also by the attack 
of newly-hatched larvae. This is contrary to the statements of Prof. 
