264 
several cups in each stand and replace the door or lid after filling about two-thirds 
with bisulphide. Put at least two cups in each conveyor box, as that is the princi- 
pal breeding-bed. 
Keep padded mallets handy, and occasionally — several times a week — jar down 
the cant boards and spouts and allow no old dust to accumulate anywhere. These 
mallets are easily made of pieces of 2 by 4, the ends covered with odd pieces of old 
cotton belting neatly cut out at the corners, folded down, and nailed around the 
edges. Hard-wood broomsticks make good handles. Bore a hole in the end of the 
mallet and have one hanging at hand on each floor. These mallets are also conven- 
ient to use on the spouting in case of choke-ups. 
In the construction of the aforesaid reels shoulders and conveyors should be 
avoided, and should be hoppered to discharge into a spout of about 4 by 4, so there 
would be no flour banks and no accumulations of flour in conveyors. The reels 
should extend a trifle past the partition of the tank chamber. They should be plain 
hoop reels, and not deflectors or carriers, so as not to fog or dust over. The cloth 
being coarse — No. 1 or 2 — the capacity is immense. A reel four or five feet in length 
has a capacity of 350 barrels per 24 hours. They should be run at a speed of 30 
revolutions a minute, and no brush or cloth cleauer is necessary. The water-tank 
should hold three or four gallons, and the edges should fit snug against the cant 
board. 
A shelf may be provided in an upper corner where a cup of bisulphide may be 
placed to advantage over Sundays or while the mill is idle. Each of these reels 
require only a 2-inch belt over 14 or 16-inch pulleys, 
or several may be coupled tandem or a cross-counter 
gear drive utilized. In small mills, where this plan 
would be considered almost too elaborate, old scalp- 
ers of a small size may be arranged instead. You 
should avoid having conveyors and elevators between 
them and the flour chest if possible. The separation 
of bugs is not the only benefit to be derived ; for mills 
carrying stocks of flour find sacks variously damaged, 
some infected with vermin, rats, and mice This may 
all be fed direct to the flour elevator and the bug reel 
will renovate and separate. 
In cold buildings where water in the tin tank 
would freeze, a sack made of table oil-cloth, with the 
oil side in, may be substituted. These bugs, as is said 
of some millers, will stand watching, as they are 
likely to crawl out of the sack. A sieve will not take 
the place of a reel, for the bugs will crawl over. I 
have found them riding purifier sieves and elevator 
belts with seeming enjoyment. 
THE CARNATION TWITTER AGAIN. 
From the notes which we have published 
on pages 45 and 343-345 of volume vi, Insect 
Life, and from recent talks with florists, as 
well as from an interesting letter received 
twitter (from from Prof. 0. F. Baker, of Fort Collins, Colo., 
it appears that several insects are concerned 
in the peculiar deformation of carnations, known to growers as "twitter." 
Prof. Baker has called our attention to an article which he published 
in the American Florist for April 1, 1890, in which he attributes the 
Fig. 
28. — Carnation 
drawing by C. F. Baker). 
