283 
FURTHER NOTES ON THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 
By L. O. Howard. 
In a paper read before the Association of Economic Entomologists 
last August, aud published in the current volume of Insect Life (pp. 
153-103), the writer showed that the extensive distribution of Circular 
So. 3. of this Division, announcing the appearance of the San Jose or 
pernicious scale in the East had resulted in the ascertaining of the 
fact that the scale had already made its appearance in Xeavitt. 
Talbot County. Md.; Chestertown, Kent County. Md.; Bartle, Wash- 
ington County. Ind.; many points in Xew Jersey; Atglen. Chester 
County, Pa. ; Lewisburg, Union County, Pa. : as well as in Walton 
County. Fla., Charles County, Md., and in the vicinity of Charlottes- 
ville. Va., these last three localities having been mentioned in the 
circular. It was further noted that the scale had also made its appear- 
ance in Idaho and British Columbia. 
This paper was prepared about the first of August, and at that time, 
from the energy with which owners of infested orchards were taking 
hold of the matter of remedies, and from the apparently efficacious 
results of two or three summer sprayings with kerosene emulsion in 
certain cases, the writer, after having examined the ground thoroughly, 
was inclined to the opinion that the insect would be speedily reduced 
to comparative harmlessness in all of the localities in which it was then 
found. From the inconspicuousness of the insect (except upon fruit), 
when occurring in reasonably small numbers, I was tolerably certain, 
however, that we had by no means ascertained all of the eastern 
localities in which the insect would be found — the more particularly as 
we had been informed by Professor Smith that two large Xew Jersey 
nurseries, to which we had traced nearly all of the eastern occurrences, 
had. for certainly five or six years, been sending out infested stock 
broadcast. This supposition has been abundantly justified by the 
finding of the scale in very large numbers in several localities not 
recorded in August j and late fall observations upon trees sprayed dur- 
ing the summer have indicated the comparative futility of the applica- 
tion of washes during the summer. Moreover, extensive winter work 
has shown that the winter washes which are reported to be so effective 
in California and the other Pacific States are much less effective in the 
East, a fact which is probably due to the much colder climate and a 
more complete dormancy on the part of the insect. Absolute extermi- 
nation is therefore not to be expected. The San Jose scale has come 
to stay, and must be added to the long list of orchard insects which 
the Eastern horticulturist must always watch and tight. 
