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them were still giving birth to an occasional young, while their early 
offspring were also rapidly reproducing. 
At the rate of development observed, between May 15 and October 
15, four generations from the over-wintered females developed. The 
larvae continued to issue until after the first frost in October at Wash- 
ington, and on October ^4, at Lewisburg, Pa., the writer saw recently- 
settled larvre of not more than five days of age. 
There seem, then, to be five generations in the latitude of Wash- 
ington. Owing to the method of reproduction these generations 
immediately become inextricably confused, and the insect after the 
middle of June may be found at any time in almost any condition. The 
females which over-winter have, in the great majority of cases, reached 
a sufficient degree of maturity to have become impregnated by late- 
lssuing males. It seems probable that the male rarely hibernates in 
any stage, although we received on April 3 from Charlottesville, Va., 
twigs which carried a few male scales containing males in the pupa 
state. These probably hibernated as full-grown male larvae. Whether 
unfertilized females over-winter we are not certain; if they do, these 
occasional over- wintering males will fertilize them. 
The San Jose scale differs from all others in the peculiar reddening- 
effect which it produces upon the skin of the fruit and offender twigs. 
This very characteristic feature of the insect's work renders it easy 
to distinguish. Around the margin of each female scale is a circular 
band of this reddish discoloration, and the cambium layer of a young 
twig where the scales are massed together frequently becomes deep red 
or purplish. Small spots on fruit produced by a common fungus, 
Entomosporium maculatum Lev., sometimes so closely resemble the spots 
made by the scale as to require close examination with a lens. When 
occurring in winter upon the bark of a twig in large numbers, the scales 
lie close together, frequently overlapping, and are at such times difficult 
to distinguish without a magnifying glass. The general appearance 
which they present is of a grayish, very slightly roughened, scurfy 
deposit. The rich natural reddish color of the twigs of peach and apple 
is quijte obscured when these trees are thickly infested, and they have 
then every appearance of being thickly coated with lime or ashes. Even 
without a magnifying glass, however, their presence can be readily 
noted if the twig be scraped with the finger nail, when a yellowish oily 
liquid will appear, resulting from the crushing of the bodies of the 
insects. 
PARASITES. 
The only parasite which has been reared in the East is Aphelinus 
fmcipennis How., a common and widespread parasite of armored 
scales Several specimens of this insect have been reared in New 
Jersey by Professor Smith, and on November 18, 1894, I found scales 
at Riverside, Md., pierced with parasite holes, which were probably 
made by this species. In California Mr. Coquillett lias reared a 
