292 
Australia than that it came from any other country. I am able to add 
before this number goes to press, that on January 5 Mr. Koebele wrote 
from Kandy, Ceylou, that he had been unable to find this scale in Ceylon. 
POSSIBLE FUTURE SPREAD. 
It may prove to be a significant fact that, although nursery stock 
affected by this scale has for six or seven years back been sent to all the 
fruit-growing regions of the Eastern States, according to our present 
information the scale has established itself only in regions contained 
within the so-called austral life- zone. Mapping the points of estab- 
lishment it is very interesting to see how accurately this distribution 
has been followed. Professor Smith last summer called attention to 
the fact that the spread of the insect in New Jersey seemed to be limited 
on the north by the so-called u red shale" line, extending, approxi- 
mately, from Perth Amboy on the east to Trenton on the west. The sig- 
nificance of this fact is shown when we remember that the transition 
region enters northwestern New Jersey. The more northern occurrence 
of the scale in Columbia County, N. Y., is similarly significant, since the 
upper austral zone extends up the Hudson Eiver. The occurrences at 
Lewisburg and Bristol, and Atgleu, Pa., are all within the extension 
of the upper austral into the southeastern one-fifth of Pennsylvania. 
The three Idaho occurrences are all in the narrow upper Sonoran or 
upper austral band along the Snake Eiver, with the exception of the 
one at Lewiston, which is the only locality in the panhandle of 
Idaho where the Sonoran dips in from the west. Should future obser- 
vations support the apparent significance of the occurrences so far 
known, the scale will not establish itself to any serious extent in tran- 
sition regions. This fact will relieve New England fruit growers north 
of southern Connecticut ; those inhabiting the greater portion of Penn- 
sylvania, except in the southeastern one-fifth and a western strip; those 
in New York, except for the strip up the Hudson Eiver and the loop 
which comes in from the northwest and includes the counties border- 
ing Lake Ontario on the south, as well as those inhabiting the northern 
portion of the lower peninsula of Michigan and all of northern Wis- 
consin, from any fear of this insect. Such a condition of affairs would 
seem almost too good to be true, but the possibility of its truth is sug- 
gested by what we know up to the present time. Against its proba- 
bility may be urged the fact that, in general, scale insects belong to tie 
group of potential cosmopolites and that they are seldom restricted by 
geographical limitations which hold with other insects. 
REMEDIES. 
If the horticulturist who possesses an orchard infested by the San 
Jose scale wishes to apply as summer washes either the summer resin 
wash or ordinary dilute kerosene-soap emulsion as formulated in 
Farmers' Bulletin 19 of this Department, he will be able to keep the 
