294 
Oregon winter wash : 
26. (Ordinary strength.) Sulphur, 15 pounds; slaked lime, 15 pounds; blue- 
stone, li pounds; water sufficient to make 100 gallons. Fatal to a compar- 
atively small percentage of the scales. 
27. (Double strength.) Sulphur, 30 pounds; slaked lime, 30 pounds ; bluestone, 
2\ pounds; water sufficient to make 100 gallons. Quite a large percentage 
of the scales escaped destruction. 
California lime-sulphur-and-salt wash : 
28. (Ordinary strength.) Sulphur, 25 pounds; lime, 50 pounds ; salt, 18 pounds ; 
water sufficient to make 100 gallons. Fatal to a comparatively small per- 
centage of the scales. 
29. (Double strength.) Sulphur, 50 pounds ; lime, 100 pounds; salt, 36 pounds; 
water to make 100 gallons. A rather large percentage of the scales not 
destroyed. 
Note. — Experiments 8 to 11 and 14 to 25 were followed in from seven to ten hours 
after application of the washes by a hard shower of ten or fifteen minutes' duration. 
Experiments 3 to 7 had been on the trees a little over twenty-four hours previous to 
this rainfall. The other experiments were of earlier date, and were not influenced 
by rains for a considerable time after the applications were made. 
The experiments, on the whole, were made under rather disadvan- 
tageous circumstances. Kather heavy rains followed within a few 
hours of the majority of the applications, but this is to be expected in 
any applications which may be made during the winter season in this 
climate. Some difference was noted in the effectiveness of certain of 
the washes upon different portions of the tree, and we believe it may 
be stated that most washes will be more effective on the sunny side 
than on the shady side of the trees. 
As anticipated from experiments made in Washington, D. C, during 
the winter of 1893-94, by Mr. Marlatt upon the new peach scale, 
Diaspis lanatus, the California lime-salt-and-sulphur wash, by means 
of which many Californians have reduced the numbers of the San 
Jose scale to insignificance, has proved entirely ineffective in this 
climate. The same must also be said of the Oregon wash, which 
resembles the California wash in its ingredients, except in the substi- 
tution of bluestone for salt. 
The only absolutely perfect results which have been reached have 
come from the application of two pounds or more of commercial whale- 
oil soap to the gallon of water, and from the application of a resin wash 
of six times the normal summer strength. The effects following the 
application of these washes leave nothing to be desired. In all cases the 
most careful search over the sprayed trees has failed to show a single 
living scale. The washes which have destroyed 85 per cent or more of 
the scales have been: One and one-half pounds of whale-oil soap to the 
gallon of water; resin wash four times summer strength ; pure kero- 
sene emulsion; one and one-half pounds or more of hard laundry soap 
to the gallon of water, and concentrated potash lye, 2 pounds to the 
gallon of water. We do not advise the use of the last substance in 
this strength on account of danger of injury to the tree. We areprac- 
