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4. Kerosene and soap emulsion pare endangers the life of the plant. 
Diluted with one part of water it is not thoroughly effective, and this, 
with the trouble and expense of its preparation, renders its use inad- 
visable. Diluted with one part of water, or in greater dilution, it does 
not seem to affect fruiting or the health of the tree. 
5. Resin wash, to be effective, must be used at a strength involving 
an expenditure for materials which, with the trouble and difficulty of its 
preparation, makes it of little practical value. Its effect on the health 
of the trees is not prejudicial, but in the stronger washes it prevents 
blooming the following season. 
6 Soap washes, particularly of whale-oil soap, have yielded the most 
satisfactory results; and at the rate of 2 pounds to the gallon, under 
the conditions of thorough drenching of the entire plant, with five or 
six days of subsequent fair weather, will destroy all the scales, whether 
applied in fall or in spring. The results with soap in less strength 
indicate that under the most favorable conditions the same result may 
be reached with mixtures containing only a pound and a half, or more, 
of soap. The action of the soap at the rate of 1 pound or more to the 
gallon, applied in the fall, is generally to prevent blooming and fruit- 
ing the following spring, but the vigor and healthfulness of the tree are 
greatly increased. Applied in spring at the time of blooming, it does 
not injure the plant nor affect the setting of the fruit to any material 
extent in the case of the peach, and not at all in the case of the apple. 
7. The experiments as a whole indicate the vastly superior merit of 
the soap wash and its fall application. The greater vigor of the plant 
resulting from the fall treatment more than offsets the possible failing 
of bloom. Owing to the impossibility of controlling weather condi- 
tions and the practical difficulty of wetting every part of the plant, one 
spraying can not often be relied on to accomplish the death of all of the 
scales, but two conscientious drenchings may be expected to accom- 
plish this result. These may be (1) at the time of, or shortly after, the 
falling of the foliage in autumn, and (2) just before blooming in spring. 
KECORD OF EXPERIMENTS. 
Unless otherwise noted, the applications were all made to peach 
trees. 
Whale-oil soap. 
Experiment 2 : 
October 25, 3 pounds soap to the gallon of water ; November 17. fatal to all scales ; 
December 16, above result confirmed by subsequent examination: May 4, no 
living scales found on tree, nearly all dead scales washed off by action of rain ; 
tree in exceptionally vigorous condition, and with luxuriant foliage, but with 
only one or two fruit set. Adjoining trees in full fruit, but very much in- 
ferior in general appearance and in development of foliage. 
Experiment 1 : 
October 25, 2 pounds soap to the gallon of water: November 17, fatal to all 
scales: December 16. same result confirmed by additional examination; May 4. 
1895, tree in exceptionally vigorous condition, but without fruit. 
