373 
Experiment 4 : 
October 25, emulsion diluted with 6 parts water. Result as in preceding experi- 
ment; tree afterwards subjected to general treatment given orchard. 
Concentrated crystal potash lye. 
Experiment 27: 
December 16. 2 pounds lye dissolved in a gallon of water; January 17, fatal to 
85 per cent of scales; March 11, fatality estimated at nearly 80 per cent : May 
4, about 15 per cent of scales estimated to be living, the living ones occurring 
somewhat in patches. Tree in leaf and fruit, not especially injured though 
some of the smaller terminals died after blooming. This and the other trees 
treated with lye present a beautiful, bright, clean appearance, and have a very 
noticeable red color. 
Experiment 28 : 
December 16, 1 pound to the gallon ; January 17, fatal to 75 per cent of the 
scales ; March 11, no change in condition noted. Tree afterwards subjected to 
general treatment given the orchard. 
Experiment 29 : 
December 16, \ pound lye to the gallon; January 17. fatal to upwards of 50 per 
cent of the scales. Tree afterwards subjected to general treatment given the 
orchard. 
Experiment 30 : 
December 16, \ pound lye to the gallon. January 17, fatal to 20 per cent of the 
scales. Tree afterwards given general treatment. 
Oregon wash. 
Experiment 6 : 
November 17, ordinary strength (sulphur 15 pounds, slaked lime 15 pounds, 
bluestone 1^ pounds, water to make 100 gallons) ; December 15, fatal to only a 
small percentage of the scales; tree afterwards subjected to general treatment 
given the orchard. 
Experiment 7 : 
November 17, double strength : December 15, fatal to very* small percentage of 
scales; May 4, tree still whitened with wash; larger scales, representing at 
least 50 per cent, alive. 
C a I iforn ia wa sh — L i m e-salt-s x Iph ur. 
Experiment 8 : 
November 17, ordinary strength (sulphur 25 pounds, lime 50 pounds, salt 18 
pounds, water to make 100 gallons; : December 15, fatal to only a small per- 
centage of scales; tree afterwards subjected to general orchard treatment. 
Experiment 9 : 
December 15, double strength ; fatal to very inconsiderable percentage of the 
scales; tree afterwards subjected to general treatment of the orchard. 
General treatment of the orchard. — The general orchard treatment 
referred to as following a number of the above experiments was car- 
ried out by the owner during April, the conclusion of the work being 
about the 22d. The treatment was based on the results of the fore- 
going experiments, and consisted in applying a compound soap wash 
made by dissolving a pound and a half of whale-oil soap and one-halt 
pound of hard soap in a gallon of water. The soap mixture was 
kept hot during the application by the use of an oil stove taken into 
the orchard, and so high was the temperature of the liquid when 
applied that the pump was frequently too hot to hold. During t he Latter 
18391— No. 5 2 
