374 
part of the treatment of the peach orchard the trees were in partial 
bloom, and the latest apple trees treated were in fall bloom. The effect 
on the bloom and foliage of the trees has already been noted. The 
wash resulted in the death of at least 95 per cent of the scales, taking 
the orchard as a whole. In the case of a number of the apple trees last 
treated, there was afterwards a period of five or six days without any 
rain, and the wash, so far as could be discovered by most careful exam- 
ination, had proven perfectly effective, no living scales being found. A 
result slightly inferior to the general average was noted on five rows, 
on which the wash had been applied with a brush, the penetration and 
saturation of the bark, as remarked by the owner at the time, being 
evidently less thoroughly accomplished by this means than when applied 
as a spray. 
THE HIPPELATES PLAGUE IN FLORIDA. 
By E. A. Schwarz. 
Fig. S7 .—Hivpelates Jlavipes: much enlarged (original). 
During A-arious trips to Florida in former years I had opportunity to 
get acquainted with the annoyance caused by certain minute flies. 
They are justly dreaded by the natives and summer residents of that 
State, and generally designated by them with the comprehensive term 
u gnats." Mosquitoes and sand-flies (Ceratopogon) are not more annoy- 
ing in Florida in summer time than elsewhere, except near the coast, 
and the same may be said of the other annoying species of Diptera 
(house flies, horse flies, and fleas). But these little "gnats," which prove 
to be certain species of the genus Hippelates, are during daytime con- 
stantly about you in swarms, and render life more burdensome than any 
other insect pest. 
