412 
and general way the taxononiic conclusions arrived at "by Professor 
Com stock. 
In the American Naturalist for March, 1895, Mr. Kellogg, briefly 
reviewing the whole matter, gives additional points of interest based 
upon the structure of the thorax, and his work in this direction is of 
the broadest interest, although it is but a beginning. He shows that 
here again the suborders Frenatre and Jugata3 of Oomstock are con- 
firmed, and that in Micropteryx and Hepialus we have a generalized 
type of thorax approaching that of the Trichoptera, while in the other 
groups this portion of the body is more highly specialized, the meso- 
notum in particular being developed at the expense of the metanotum. 
His thoracic studies indicate that Hepialus is more specialized than 
Micropteryx, while among the Frenatse the Tineina possess the greatest 
development of the metathorax, as had, by the way, already been pointed 
out by Brauer. In the Tineina, however, Mr. Kellogg finds that the 
shape of the sclerites differs greatly from that of the Jugatse. Among 
the thoracic sclerites the so-called "patagia of the mesothorax" (more 
X>roperly a tegular ") have particularly attracted Mr. Kellogg' s attention, 
and here again he finds these organs highly specialized, although vary- 
ing greatly in degree and in direct relation with the power of flight, 
with the Frenatpe, while with the Jugatse there is again an approach 
to the trichopterous form. 
In a later paper (American Naturalist, June, 1895) Mr. Kellogg 
enters upon the consideration of the mouth-parts, and shows a very dis- 
tinct correspondence between the very generalized mouth of Microp- 
teryx and the equally generalized, although somewhat rudimentary, 
mouth of Hepialus, the parts of both differing* strongly from the 
specialized mouth-parts of other Lepidoptera, thus still further helping 
to confirm the Comstockian suborder Jugatse. Careful study of the 
mouth-parts of the Trichoptera shows considerable correspondence 
between the trichopterous and the jugate mouth, although his studies 
lead Mr. Kellogg to believe that the Jugatai can not be looked upon as 
in any way lineal descendants of the Trichoptera. The affinity must 
be of the character of two dichotomously divided lines of descent. 
Incidentally to the main objects of the paper several interesting points 
are brought out, notably the conclusion that the maxillary lobe in 
Micropteryx which goes to make up the short proboscis is lacinia and 
nor galea, as had been concluded by Walter in 1885; also that the 
lepidopterous mandibles figured by Savigny, Graber, Packard, Hyatt 
and Arms, Lang, and others are not mandibular remnants; and also 
that the thorn like projections figured by Burgess in his Anatomy of 
the Milkweed Butterfly and identified as rudimentary maxillary palpi 
are wrongly named. 
This class of work is of a very high character, and Professor Com- 
stock's paper, aside from the actual and great value of his researches, 
is of inestimable service as directing thought into so rich a field. 
