413 
A SECONDARY EFFECT OF THE FLORIDA FREEZE. 
Iii the last number of Insect Life we referred to the destruction 
caused by the December and February freezes in Florida, and to the 
fact that innumerable insects were killed off by the same cold that 
killed many of the trees. Mr. Hubbard has found, as was quite to be 
expected, that wood-boring beetles are beginning to attack the trees 
which were seriously affected by the cold. They enter both the wood 
that is dead and that which, though enfeebled, is still living. Where 
they enter dead wood, says Mr. Hubbard in a letter to the Orescent 
City (Fla.) News, no attention need be paid to them; they will simply 
aid in trimming the trees hereafter. Unfortunately the enfeebled con- 
dition of the trees invites and permits the attacks of the borers in 
portions that are yet alive, and many, unless help be given them, 
will be killed to the ground, or at least below the bud. 
To check the work of the beetles in living wood Mr. Hubbard rec- 
ommends that a brad or small wire nail be driven into each hole, thus 
plugging the hole and preventing the insect from finishing its work or 
laying its eggs. In many cases the nail will reach and crush the beetle 
itself. Where the gallery is longer than the nail, a piece of pliable 
wire should be pushed in as far as it will go, and clipped off at the sur- 
face of the bark. In the present critical condition of the trees the use 
of powerful insecticides is not advisable, nor is it safe to coat the bark 
with any substance to repel the borers. 
Several species of Seolytidae are concerned in this injury to orange 
trees in Florida. Specimens of what Mr. Hubbard states to be the 
largest and most destructive have been sent to the Department, and 
prove to be Plaiypux compositus Say. 
SPRAYING ON A LARGE SCALE. 
Mr. W. B. Gunnis, of San Diego County, Cal., has been spraying his 
trees with kerosene emulsion on a large scale in the following manner: 
The apparatus is placed on the platform of a light wagon, and on the 
front end is a tank of a capacity of 100 gallons, rilled with the emul- 
sion. A small electro-vapor engine on .the wagon operates a double- 
action, high pressure, cylinder pump, and to this eight lines of hose may 
be attached. The pump can be worked at a pressure of 200 pounds, 
rendering the spray fine and strong, and capable of reaching to the 
tops of the tallest trees where the hose is supported by ten loot bam- 
boo canes. Twenty-five or thirty acres of four-year old trees may be 
sprayed in one day with the labor of four men. 
ANIMAL LIFE IN THERMAL SPRINGS. 
In the Lincoln (Xebr.) Evening Call of April 0. 1895, Prof. Lawrence 
Bruner records under the above heading the receipt from lion. John C. 
Hamm.of living larvae captured by Mr. Hamm in a hot spring in Uinta 
