193 



tus styled the *' Cyclone" of Vermorel; the Japy, Vigeroux, Nouges 

 and Perrin sprayers, and the sprayer of the society " L'Avenir Viti- 

 eole." A number of pumps manufactured in this country of this style 

 were mentioned or described in the Fourth Report of the U. S. Ento- 

 mological Commission. These, in general, are much inferior to the 

 French pumps named, which are, however, modeled after those earlier 

 and cruder forms. There are a host of other French knapsack spray- 

 ing machines which differ from those mentioned, by propelling the 

 liquid by means either of air pumps, diaphragm pumps, or devices in 

 which the pump is attached to the reservoir by means of a rubber hose. 



In 1888 Mr. Adam Weaber, of Vineland, N. J., brought out the 

 Eureka sprayer, a very serviceable knapsack pump modeled after the 

 French machines. The French sprayers will cost, including duty, 

 shipping, etc., from $18 to$25j the Weaber sprayer is sold for $21, 

 which is but little more than the cost of manufacture. Professor Gallo- 

 way's machine is sold for $14, or from one-fourth to one-third less than 

 the Weaber or the French sprayers. ' 



In the first announcement of this pump in No. I, vol. 6, of the pub- 

 lication cited, and in the later full description, no statement is made 

 of the indebtedness of the inventor to these older machines, except in 

 the case of the original description of the lance and nozzle (op. cit. vol. 

 5, No. II), where credit is given. This naturally gives the impression 

 that the apparatus is nov^el in many or all its features. 



When compared with the French machines the following facts be- 

 come apparent: 



1. The reservoir is practically identical with that of the Yermorel, 

 Japy, and other French machines, and the opening lor introducing the 

 liquid with strainer and lid presents no new features. 



2. The pump is an ordinary double cylinder (or hollow piston) force 

 pump; the hollow piston furnishing an air chamber which causes the 

 liquid to be forced out in a continuous stream. 



3. The lance and nozzle combination consists of the Riley nozzle fit- 

 ted to a lance and provided with a degorging apparatus, which also 

 acts as a stop cock model exactly after Raveneau's apparatus, and is 

 practically the same as the Japy degorger and stop cock, except that 

 the action is reserved. In the latter (see Insect Life, vol. 1, p. 265, 

 fig. 61) the spring normally closes the discharge orifice, and in the for- 

 mer the orifice is normally open and is closed by the action of a lever in 

 the spring. 



That this modification of the foreign knapsack sprayers will prove a 

 serviceable one for vineyard work, and by reason of its cheapness and 

 availability come into general use, I have little doubt. 



STRAWSON'S AIR-POWER DISTRIBUTOR. 



A new and distinct type of insecticide machine, the invention of Mr. 

 G. F. Strawson, Newbury, Berks, England, has attracted no little at- 

 15738— No. 5 2 



