300 



larger branches. In this were found great numbers of young larvae, 

 mostly in burrows in the dead bark, the larvae being also dead. In the 

 still living bark, on the branches, nearly full-grown living larvae were 

 found. 



The second tree was dug up by Mr. Buskirk and myself, and the roots 

 found to be dead but not covered by the fungus. With the owner, I 

 spent considerable time examining trees in this and other orchards, but 

 found only a single Scolytus^ which was crawling over the branch of a 

 Peach tree. Eeturning to the orchard of Mr. Wilkinson with Mr. Bus- 

 kirk, we spent some hours in a further examination of trees, but in no 

 case found the borers attacking healthy trees, although many of these 

 were having a severe battle for life in their uncongenial environment 



August 7 the trees belonging to Mr. Nolte, at Mount Yernon, were 

 again examined, and no additional attacks observed among the Peach 

 trees. The vigorous growing trees which I saw being attacked in 

 June were as yet uninjured, although the bark on the trunks had been 

 punctured in many places. The female borers had evidently punctured 

 the bark and attempted to burrow beneath it and construct the egg 

 chamber, or cradle, as it is sometimes called, but for some reason gave 

 up in despair. I found them attacking Cherry trees, but the roots were 

 dead, except in case of the one being killed by Sannina exitiosa, as de- 

 tailed at the beginning of this paper. The shoots on very old Apple 

 trees in the process of dying out were. also being attacked. No borers 

 could now be found on or about healthy trees of any variety. 



In summing up the results of observations on this insect, it would 

 appear (1) that the species attacks only such trees as are already in the 

 process of dying, either from diseased roots or some injury to the truuk, 

 whereby the circulation of the sap is wholly or in part destroyed ; (2) 

 the larvae can not live in wholly dead bark ; (3) the adults can not ovi- 

 posit in a healthy, vigorous tree, but are attracted to trees giving off 

 odors of fermenting or sour sap ; (4) they do not appear to be attracted 

 to trees affected by Pear blight; (5) the species is double-brooded, the 

 eggs being deposited in June and August, the insect passing the winter 

 in one or more of its stages in the bark. 



Melanoplus differ entialis. — Serious depredations to orchards by lo- 

 custs were reported from several counties in southern Indiana, and I 

 also observed such in Posey and Gibson Counties, the method of attack 

 consisting, aside from the devouring of the leaves, in gnawing of the 

 bark from the smaller branches. This species is the only one which I 

 have been able to detect in connection with the ravages. — F. M. Web- 

 ster, I^ovember 1, 1890. 



GALL-PRODUCING HETEROPTERA. 



The receipt of a short paper * by our valued corespondent Dr. Fr. 

 Thomas, of Ohrdruf, Germany, reminds us of the fact that although 



*Ueber das Heteropterocecidiuin voq Teu(yrium cajpitatum und anderen Arten (Ab- 

 handl.d.bot. Ver d. Prov. Brandenbur*;, v. 31, pp. 103-107.) 



