132 ON THE MALA'YU NATION. 



laws of the land, which relate to the land only, are defined : because those 



of the sea cannot interfere with those established on shore. 



" According to these institutions, let the law be administered at sea, 

 that no disputes and quarrels may take place. Let them be known and 

 descend to posterity, that men may not act according to their own will and 

 inclination, but that order and regularity may prevail on board vessels, as 

 well during prosperity as adversity. Let not what is established be done 

 away, nor these laws be resisted or disobeyed ! 



* s If these laws are attended to, no one can question the authority of the 

 JVakhodak, for as the Raja is on shore, so is the JVakhodah at sea. This 

 authority has been conferred by the Sultans of the land, upon all Nakho~ 

 dahs, in order that they may administer the laws on board their respective 

 vessels. Whoever does not admit this authority offends against the law." 



It may be^necessary to premise, that although the number and descrip- 

 tion of persons must materially depend on the size of the vessel and the 

 nature and extent of the voyage, yet the following classes and denomina- 

 tions will be found to occur in almostV every Prdhu, a term under which 

 the Malays include every description of vessel. 



The NakJwdah, or captain, who employs a Jeru-tulis, or writer, who 

 corresponds in some degree to a purser. 



The Kiwi or Kiwi Kiwi, the principal of which is termed the Mala Kiwi 

 —Supercargoes or persons who have an adventure in the voyage, and to 

 whom part of the cargo belongs. 



The Orang Tumpang or Memmpang— Passengers from one port to 

 another. 



