I'ERMS m FOEESTRY. 23 



Stand method. That method of conservative lumbering in which reproduction is 

 secured from self-sown seed by means of successive cuttings made throughout the 

 mature stand, thus leading to the production of a new stand approximately even 

 aged. These successive cuttings encourage seed production, create conditions 

 favorable to the growth of seedlings, and gradually remove the remaining trees of 

 the mature stand as the young growth develops. See Forest management. 



Syn. : compartment system, high forest compartment system, method of suc- 

 cessive thinnings, shelterwood compartment system. G., schlagweise Verjiingung. 

 F., regime de la futaie r^guliere. 



The series of cuttings, which vary in number and duration according to the 

 degree of difficulty with which reproduction is effected, is divided into the follow- 

 ing four kinds: 



Preparatory cuttings fit the stand for its reproduction by the removal of dead, 

 dying, or defective trees, and prepare the ground for the germination of seeds. 



G., Vorbereitungsschlag. F., coupe preparatoire. 



A stand in which one or more preparatory cuttings have been made is in the 

 preparatory stage. 



Seed cuttings encourage seed production by the further opening of the stand, and 

 admit light in quantity favorable for the development of young growth. 



G., Besamungsschlag. F., coupe d'ensemencement. 



A stand in which one or more seed cuttings have been made is in the seeding 

 stage. 



Removal cuttings gradually remove the mature stand which would otherwise 

 retard the development of the young trees. 



G., Lichtschlag. F., coupe claire. 



A stand in which one or more removal cuttings have been made is in the removal 

 stage. 



The final cutting is the last of the removal cuttings, in which all of the old stand 

 still remaining is cut. 



G., Abtriebsschlag, Endhieb. F., coupe definitive. 



Stand table. A tabular statement of the number of trees of each species and diameter 

 class upon a given area. 



State forest. A forest which is the property of a State. 



Stem, n. The trunk of a tree. The stem may extend to the top of the tree, as in 

 some conifers, or it may be lost in the ramification of the crown, as in most broad- 

 leaf trees. In tree description the stem is described as long or short, straight or 

 crooked, cylindrical or tapering, smooth or knotty. 

 Syn.: bole, shaft, trunk. G., Stamm. F., tronc. 



Stem analysis. See Tree analysis. 



Stem density. The extent to which the total number of trees in a given forest 

 approaches the total number which the index forest of the same age and composi- 

 tion contains. It is ordinarily expressed as a decimal, 1 being taken as the numer- 

 ical equivalent of the stem density of the index forest. 



G., Bestockungsdichte, Bestandesdichte. F., consistance du peuplement. 



Stem form factor. See Form factor. 



Stool, n. See Stump. 



Stool shoot. See Sprout. 



Stored coppice. See Eeserve sprout forest. 



Stratify, v. To preserve tree seeds by spreading them in layers alternating with 

 layers of earth or sand. 



