TERMS IN FORESTRY. 11 



Forest capital. The capital which a forest represents. It consists of the forest 

 land, or fixed capital, and the stand. 

 G., Waldkapital. F., capital forestier. 



Forest coyer. All trees and other plants in a forest. 



Forester, n. One who practices forestry as a profession. 



Forest expectation value. The present net value of all future returns expected 

 from the forest capital. It is determined by discounting to the present time, at 

 compound interest, all returns and expenses anticipated. 

 G., Erwartungswert. F., valeur d'avenir. 



Forest extension. The establishment of forest upon areas where it is at present 

 absent or insufficient. 

 Syn. : forestation. 



Forest finance. See Forest management. 



Forest fire. A fire in timberland or woodland. A forest fire may be a ground fire, 

 a surface fire, a stand fire, or a crown fire. A ground fire is one which burns in the 

 forest floor and does not appear above the ground. When a fire runs over the 

 surface or burns the undergrowth, it is a surface fire. When a surface fire spreads 

 from the undergrowth to the stand, igniting the trees, it becomes a stand fire. 

 Under certain conditions the crowns of the trees may be ignited, causing a 

 crovm fire. 



Forest floor. The deposit of vegetable matter on the ground in a forest. Litter 

 includes the upper, but slightly decomposed portion of the forest floor; humus, the 

 portion in which decomposition is well advanced. 



Forest grown. Grown in the forest from self-sown seed. 



Forest humus. See Mild humus. 



Forest influences. All effects resulting from the presence of the forest, upon health, 

 climate (including wind, rainfall, temperature, etc.), stream flow, and economic 

 conditions. 

 Syn. : indirect effects. 



Forest manag-emeiiA. The practical application of the principles of forestry to a 

 forest area. See Forestry. 



Forest management includes Forest mensuration, or the determination of the 

 present and future product of the forest (G., Holzmesskunde. F., cubage) ; Forest 

 organization, or the preparation of working plans and planting plans, detailed and 

 comprehensive schemes for the establishment and best use of the forest (G., For- 

 stoinrichtung. F., amenagement); and Forest finance, or the determination of the 

 money returns from forestry (G., Forstfinanzen. F., finance forestiere). 



Three great systems of forest management are distinguished: The seed system, 

 the sprout system, and the composite- system. The seed system includes the stand 

 method, group method, strip method, patch method, strip stand method, group seed 

 method, scattered seed method, single tree method, reserve seed method, clean cutting 

 method. The sprout system includes the sprout method. The composite system 

 includes the reserve sprout method. 



Forest mensuration. See Forest management. 



Forest nursery. An area upon which young trees are grown for forest planting. 

 G., Baumschule, Saatkamp. F,, pepiniere. 



Forest org'anization. See Forest management. 



