244 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 
Where the Oil-Shale Group of sediments attains its maximum in Mid 
and West Lothians it must be over 3000 feet thick. In this part of the 
region, according to Mr D. R. Steuart,’ at least twenty seams of oil-shale have 
been worked in the 2500 feet of strata that separate the Pumpherston 
Shales, the lowest worked seam, up to the Raeburn Shale near the top of the 
group. But this does not exhaust the number as there are several thin, and 
at present unworkable, seams in the intervening strata; and still further 
beneath the Pumpherston horizon are the Dalmahoy Shales,? as well as 
several poor seams in the Wardie Shales, near the base of the group, where 
they crop out round about Edinburgh. 
The massive Granton and Craigleith Sandstones, the equivalents of the 
Fell Sandstones of Liddisdale, form the natural base of the group, as they 
immediately overlie the Abbeyhill Shales, the highest members of the 
Cementstone Group in the Edinburgh district. The sandstones are overlaid 
by the well-known Wardie Shales, which, near their base, contain two coal 
seams that have been worked near Granton and are known as the Caroline 
Park seams. They also yield several poor oil-shales* and ironstone nodules 
rich in fossil fishes, as well as two horizons of estuarine lamellibranch 
limestones. In turn they are succeeded by the Hailes Sandstone, the 
highest member of the group exposed in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh. 
The strata between the Hailes beds and the Pumpherston Oil-Shales are 
not well known, but they contain the Dalmahoy Oil-Shale which is associated 
with an estuarine lamellibranch band. From the Pumpherston position upwards 
the details of the succession are well known. The first 500 feet consist of 
sandstones and shales with occasional seams of entomostracan limestone, the 
thickest and best known being the Burdiehouse Limestone which is accompanied 
above by the Raw Camps Oil-Shale. The strata intervening between this and 
the next workable group of oil-shales, known as the Dunnet Shales, are mainly 
made up of a thick sandstone, the Dunnet Sandstone. The lowest of. these 
Dunnet seams is locally known as the Barracks Shale,* and is underlaid by a 
bed of ash and a limestone of Burdiehouse type. The sandstones are succeeded 
by shales, marls and sandstones in which occur two or more oil-shales, the 
lowest being called the “ Wee Dunnet” or Champfleurie Shale, and the upper 
seam or group of seams, the Broxburn Shales. These bands are overlain 
by a great thickness of the Broxburn Marls, grey mudstone-like beds with 
numerous bands of cementstone or limestone. To these strata succeed the 
1< The Oil-Shales of the Lothians,” Mem. Geol. Swr., Second Edition, 1912, p, 142, 
2 Tid, pp. 140-148, 
3 “The Geology of the Neighbourhood of Edinburgh,” Mem. Geol. Sur., Second Kdition, 
1910, pp. 76, 77. 
1«The Oil-Shales of the Lothians,” Mem. Geol. Sur., Second Edition, 1912, p. 8. 
