OP THE HINDUS. 19 



and the latter a kind of quadrant, apparently for ascertaining time ;* from 

 the geographical controversy that occurs between him and Sankaka, it 

 appears that he entertains the doctrine regarding the descent of earth in 

 space, which is attributed by the old astronomers to the BauddhaSf 

 and controverted by the author of the Surya Siddhdnta,f and sub- 

 sequently by Bhaskara : the former is quoted by Sankara, according to 

 our author. These doctrines, the commentators on Bhaskara*s work, and 

 even he, himself, commenting on his own text, say, belong to the Jainas, not to 

 the Bauddhas ; but, possibly, the correction is itself an error, it does not appear 

 that the Kshapanaka of Ananda Giri argues the existence of a double set of 

 planetary bodies, which is, undoubtedly, a Jaina doctrine,t and the descent 

 of the earth in space may have been common to all these sects. 



The Jainas that existed in the time of Ananda Giri appear as Digamba- 

 ras only ; he does not notice their division into Digamharas and Swetdmharas^ 

 as they at present are found, and existed indeed prior to the age of Madhava. 

 The Bauddhas are introduced personally, although it may be questioned whe- 

 ther they were very numerous in India in so comparatively modern a period % 

 according to Ananda Giri, a persecution of this sect, and of the JabiaSy took 

 place in one part of the peninsula, the state of Rudrapur^ during Sankara's 

 life time, but he, as well as Madhava, § excludes Sankara from being at 



The Turya Yantra, is the fourth part of an orb. 



Fixing above it two pins, and looking between them, the time is ascertained by science. 



t A. R. XII : 229. 



t A. R. IX: 321. 



$ Preface to Wilson's Sanscrit and English Dictionary. 



