17&- ■ ■ '' STATISTICAL SKETCH 



estates on grants, not conveying any property in the soil, their descendants 

 have, subsequently, by the migration of the actual occupants, come into the 

 full possession both of land and produce. 



In assignments of the revenue of villages to individual servants of go- 

 vernment, both public and private, the deed specified the class and descrip- 

 tion of service in consideration of which the grant was made, as " Kamin- 

 chari, Negichari," kc, and in these cases, also, the actual occupancy in the 

 land, frequently became vested in the descendants of the assignee, by the mode 

 noticed in the preceding paragraph. Grants to individuals not holding any 

 particular employment, were in " KJiangi," or, when Brahmins, in " Vrata ;" 

 to the latter also, and to religious establishments, grants in perpetuity were 

 made with various ceremonies, under the terms of" Sanlcalp*' and '^ Biskenpirf." , 

 Under the Nipal government, the terms of " Maiia Chaul,'^ and *' Gunt^* 

 were introduced, the former meaning, literally, " a seer of rice," was used 

 in grants, for services to individuals, and under the latter tenure were includ- 

 ed all lands and endowments belonging to religious establishments. 



The modes of private transfer are, first, by absolute sale, called " Dhali 

 Boliy* in which the purchaser becomes vested with the same rights, and 

 under the same obligations, as the vender. In the second mode, termed 

 " M«/," the purchaser receives the land rent-free, the vender making himself 

 responsible for the annual amount of its assessment during his life, and on his 

 death, the purchaser becomes answerable for the demand. There was another 

 species of " Mat,'* in which the sale was not absolute, right of redemption being 

 reserved to the mortgager and his heirs, on payment of the amount advanced, 

 but till this took place, the latter continued to pay the revenue. When no heir 

 of the mortgager remained forthcoming, as in the former case, the rent fell on 

 the mortgagee. The fourth form was that of simple mortgage, or " BandhaJc" 

 in which right of redemption was, sometimes, expressly barred, after the 



