LANGUAGES, &c. OF THE 



Causa Causarum, (whether material or immaterial,) by feigning Karma or 

 Yatna, conscious moral, or conscious intellectual agency, to have been with 

 causation from the beginning. The Kdrmika texts often hold such a language 

 as this : " Sakya Sinha — who, according to some, (the Swabhdvikus) sprang 

 from Swahhdva, and, according to others, (the Ahhwarikas) from Adi Buddha — 

 performed such and such Karmas, and reaped such and such fruits from them." 



In regard to the destiny of the soul, I can find no moral difference be- 

 tween them and the Brahminical Sages. By all, metempsychosis and absorp- 

 tion are accepted. But absorbed into what ? into Brahme, say the Brahmans 

 < — into Sunyatd, or Swabhdva, or Prajnd, or Adi Buddha, say the various sects of 

 the Bauddhas ; and I should add, that by their doubtful Sunyatd I do 7iot, in 

 general, understand annihilation, nothingness, but rather that extreme and 

 almost infinite attenuation which they ascribe to their material powers or forces 

 in the state of Niwritti, or of abstraction from all particular palpable formsj 

 such as compose the sensible world of Pravritti. 



How far, and in what sense the followers of these divers and opposite 

 systems of speculation, adopted the innumerable deities of the existent ^mc?- 

 c?^?V Pantheon, it must rest with future research to determine, when those 

 ample works which it will be my happiness shortly to place within the reach of 

 my curious countrymen, shall have been duly investigated. Suffice it at present 

 to say, that the practical Buddhism of Nepal has long admitted a marked dis- 

 tinction between those saints of mortal mould, who won the rank and powers of 

 a Buddha by their own eiforts, and the Buddhas of a celestial nature and origin. 



The former of these are seven,* and are denominated " M«m/5/?f," or 

 human: the latter ^^ Anupapddakd," without parents, and also '■'• Dhydnir 



* Called Vipasyi, Sihhi, Vi&wabhu, Kahuhsanda, Kanaka Muni, Kasyapa, and Sdkya Sinha, 



