1914.] REPORTS. 119 



and both ends of the stem. The second standing candlestick (fig. 4) is 

 of a more elaborate kind, having an embattled bowl, and a base raised 

 on three lion's feet. It is 9iin. high to the top of the bowl, 12 \ in. to the 

 top of the pricket. The triple candlestick (fig. 5), retaining un- 

 fortunately only two of its holders, has a pin-hole through its stem at 

 the level of the sockets for its two branches, showing that it was thus 

 fastened to some form of holder or stem. The sockets are marked 

 for fitting with one and two grooves respectively, and the remaining 

 branch has a single groove to identify it as belonging to the single- 

 grooved socket. The four branches are all old pieces; two (figs. 6 

 and 7) have fitted into ring sockets like that last described, a third 

 (fig. 8) which ends in a beast's head, has been fastened by something 

 like the hanging hook of a door, and the fourth (fig. 9), a remarkable 

 specimen in the form of a dragon-like beast with a curved horn and a 

 long whip-like tail, and having a shield fastened to his lower jaw, has 

 two lugs pierced to fit over a vertical pin. 



It will be well, now, before going further, to quote two English 

 inventories dealing with similar objects. 



The first is that of Long Melforcl Church, Suffolk, 1529 : 

 Two great candlesticks. 



Two second candlestidks, lately bought, which are called Secondans. 

 Two small candlesticks to the high altar. 

 Two small candlesticks to Jesus altar, both of Laltyn. 



A candlestick of Lattin, with ten branches, standing before the image of Jesus. 

 A candlestick. 



A candlestick, ten branches, before St. Ann. 

 A candlestick, with three branches, belonging to the Trinity; and now the said 



candlestick standeth below the image of St. Nicholas. 

 A candlestick with ten branches, standing before the high altar. 

 Two little pretty candlesticks of Lattin, belonging to John Hill's altar. 

 A candlestick of Lattin, with ten branches, now in the vestry. 

 A candlestick of Lattin, with three branches, now in the vestry. 



The second is of St. Mary's. Guild, Boston, 1534 : 

 Two great candelstickes of latten. 

 Two secondary candelstickes of latten. 



Two lesser candelstickes of latten standing at the altar ende. 

 A litill candelstick of latten standyng of three lions. 

 An other lesse candelstyk standynge afore owr lady. 



Two litill candillstickes of latten standynge on the high altar of owr lady. 

 A candelstick of latten w 1 two flowres for the morow masse. 

 An other litill candelstik of latten w* two flowres for one of the side altars. 

 Two other litill candelstickes of latten w* two pynnes, 

 Two laten eandelstickes standinge \ippon the altar. 



These are the outfits of a well-appointed church and a wealthy 

 guild, and are on a more lavish scale than St. Sampson's could 

 probably attain to. The first three items in each inventory are 

 similar, and refer to the lights near the high altar, namely, two 

 great candlesticks or standards, two lesser candlesticks or secondans, 

 and two small candlesticks standing at the altar end, not on the 

 altar, but probably on the iron rod from which the costers or riddels 

 hung; and from the St. Mary's Guild inventory it is also clear that 

 there were two little candlesticks standing on the high altar also. 

 The branched candlesticks, of ten or three branches, stood before 

 various images, but one is said to stand before the high altar. 



We may therefore consider that the candlesticks exhibited may 

 be described as belonging to a set of latten, and to consist of one 

 secondan which could also be carried in procession, one altar candle- 

 stick, and remains of several sets of branched candlesticks. The 

 triple candlestick may be another form of a three-branched candle- 

 stick, but it may also be for the Judas candle or candles used in the 

 Easter Even service. This was properly a taper made of three 

 candles twisted together into one at the bottom and separating above 

 into three, fastened to a staff for carrying them. As a substitute for 



