1914.] GEOLOGICAL RESULTS. 137 



beach period and only now being again brought under the 

 influence of the sea. 



The black deposit was also picked up at Perrelle during 

 the excursion to that bay. Here it outcrops immediately 

 under the wall at the top of the beach. This had been 

 frequently seen before but was put down to be a part of the 

 upper peat deposit ; now it is quite evident that it is identical 

 with the two deposits just described. 



Owing to excavations made at various places, new 

 deposits of red gravel and clay have been found. The 

 excavation at the Town Church has disclosed a deposit which 

 throws some light on that found in the Pollet last year. An 

 examination made by Mr. de la Mare and myself showed that 

 the gravelly mass is a kind of talus derived from the hills 

 immediately above them, but the angular condition of the 

 grains and other indications go to prove that the rock from 

 which they were derived had been weathered by cold so as to 

 consist of a friable decomposed mass. We think that after 

 the breaking up of the rock and its disintegration by frost, 

 it became covered by a snow or ice-cap derived from the 

 consolidated snow, which by movement brought down the 

 gravel and deposited it at its present position. These 

 deposits greatly strengthen the theory that ice-caps have 

 formed on the Island during the glacial periods. 



It is worthy of remark that at L'Ancresse gravel 

 deposits have been exposed forming irregular pockets in the 

 masses of sand which cover the Common. These are, owing 

 to the absence of hills, difficult to account for unless we admit 

 the passage of an ice-sheet spreading out from the higher 

 parts of the Island over the low lands of the Yale. In this 

 connection I would remind you of deposits reported in 

 previous years which it has been impossible to correlate. 



All the work of the year has tended to show that our 

 superficial deposits are older than w T e have thought, and that 

 the Society will in the future have a promising field for work 

 in placing the deposits in their places in the various glacial 

 and interglacial periods to which they undoubtedly belong. 



At Croutes Havilland the clay deposit, in which striated 

 stones have been found, continues to yield flint implements 

 and chippings. I have received from Mr. Morgan many 

 undoubted artefacts some which are paleolithic and have 

 moved with the clay, from which they have taken a polish. 



The facts that have been accumulating during the year, 

 added to those previously known, have enabled me to 

 elaborate a full explanation of the origin of the clays, the 



