1916.] The deposits. 381 



has been washed down the slopes by rain. This clay is 

 distinguished from boulder clay by its occurrence with the 

 rubble and its stratification. 



There is also a portion of the boulder clays which have 

 been redistributed by torrents derived from melting snows. 

 These later show stratification which is not visible in the true 

 undisturbed boulder clays. 



Examples of the first are found in many of the passage 

 beds around the " Hougues," and one is visible in the Belcroute 

 (Jersey) cliff section. The stratified redistributed clay may 

 be seen in the " Divette " cliff section. 



These clays form part of the " Head " and must be 

 added to the " Head " as so far built up. That is, the " Head " 

 now has the following components : — (a) the old beach, (b) 

 the sands of the short uplift, (c) the rubble and (d) clay from 

 the cliff of the time the large frost-riven blocks and the 

 distributed material composed of all these intermixed by the 

 ice floes. 



The clays now to be described are the result of deep 

 submergences which will form the subject of the next part. 



There are two deposits : one laid down before the Mous- 

 terian period, the other after. 



These deposits are in places lying conformably the one 

 on the other, in other places they are separated by deposit 

 formed under conditions which will be shown later on to be 

 quite new to us, and telling of geological changes of great 

 importance. 



These two deposits are visible both in the Guernsey and 

 Jersey cliff sections, but they are not confined to the islands 

 but are traceable all over Scotland and England. I could 

 give quotations to back this assertion, but I think the fact 

 that no paper or book treating of the glacial period can be 

 read without there being found abundant allusions to the 

 deposits, make it unnecessary. 



In Guernsey and Jersey these are spoken of as the upper 

 and lower clays. 



The lower clay is a deep deposit which although many 

 exposures show from 3 to 20 feet depth, yet is only a remnant 

 of much greater depth. There are numerous indications of 

 very extensive losses by denudation. 



This deposit rests on the top of the island where it is 

 invariably found, either on bare hard rock or on decomposed 

 rock in situ. The hard rock is smoothed and takes the shape 

 of the slope or surface ; generally these smoothed rocks are to 



