OF KAMAON. 17 



many of the common species of birds, large and small, migrate thi- 

 ther. 



Neither fish nor reptiles of any kind exist. 



Insects are far from abundant, although they swarm along the conti- 

 guous ranges. 



The " Bhaunr," or wild bee, which builds its nest in the southern 

 parts of the Himalaya, has been already noticed. 



Granite and quartz appear to be the prevailing descriptions of rock. 

 The only minerals yet discovered are iron, sulphur, and yellow arsenic. 

 The ore of the former abounds, but is used only for red coloring matter ; 

 the second is found in two or three hot springs at the mouth of the Juivdr 

 pass, but not in sufficient quantity to repay the labor of working for. 

 The yellow arsenic is dug for in two or three places within the Darma 

 and Juwar Ghats, but the aggregate produce is trifling. 



Rock crystal is common, and specimens of considerable magnitude 

 are occasionally procured. Fossil bones and organic remains exist in the 

 most elevated parts of the Ghats. The former, here called " JBijli 

 Har" lightning bones, are chiefly found at the crest of the Niti pass : 

 the latter, called " Chakar Patar^ from its resemblance to a wheel, 

 is procured in a ravine on the northern face of the Mana pass. In both 

 instances, the elevation may be assumed at seventeen thousand feet above 

 the sea. 



Hot springs are numerous throughout the Himalaya chain, the tem- 

 perature is found nearly the same in all, from 130° to 138° of Fahrenheit. 



f No 



