OF KAMAON. 25 



" Phelang" Silver is computed at the " Jyu^ or Temashi, (three Masas) 

 and the " Gorma" or current rupee equivalent to four " Jyu." The " Jyu' 

 is coined at Ladakh, and is of very uncertain standard : of late years, its 

 metal has been improved. In this province it is called " Gangatassi" 

 and passes at the rate of something more than live to the milled Furracka- 

 bad rupee. In large payments, ingots, called " Lalcalo" or " Doja" are 

 used, these bear the Lhassa stamp, and are very pure silver; the " Doja" 

 weighs seven hundred and sixty Jyils, and is current at something less 

 than two hundred rupees. 



Shot, for a considerable period subsequent to its colonization, form- 

 ed an integral part of the mother county. The trade carried on by its 

 inhabitants rendered them, in some degree, dependant on the will of the 

 neighbouring Cis Himalaya chiefs ; but they were long able to repel 

 the contracted efforts of the latter, made for their subjugation. 



The ultimate union of these principalities in the monarchies of Garli- 

 wal and Kamaon, about three centuries ago, led to the conquest of the 

 Mana, Niti, Juwdr and Darma passes, by those states respectively. 

 The Byanse pass was severed from the principality of Junila and annexed 

 to Kamaon by the Gorlcha power, about thirty years past. In becoming 

 subject 40 the Cis Himalaya powers, the Shotias were by no means with- 

 drawn from their allegiance to the parent state, but still continued to ac- 

 knowledge the supremacy of both ; an anomalous state of subjection, which 

 their paramount interests in continuing to be the medium of commercial 

 intercourse between Hindustan and Tartary, will tend to perpetuate. The 

 price extracted by each government for its protection, though much the 

 same in its component details, is very unequal in its amount. The revenue 

 demands of the Tibet government consist of " Sink Thai,", land revenue. 

 " Ya Thai;' tax on sun-shine. " Kiun Thai" tax on the profits of trade. 



h These 



