246 SKETCH OF THE 



principal authorities of a sacred character were termed Angas, and were 

 eleven in number, or with a supplementary division, twelve. They are 

 thus enumerated and described ; Achdrdnga, a book teaching sacred 

 observances after the practice of Vasishtha and other saints. Siitrakri- 

 tdngam, a work on acts imposed by positive precepts. Sthdndngam — - 

 On the organs in which life abides, or the ten acts essential to purity. 

 Samavaydngam — On the hundred Paddrthas or categories. Bhagava- 

 tyangam— On the ritual, or rules for worship. Jnydtadhermakathd — An 

 account of the acquisition of knowledge by holy personages. Updsa- 

 kadasd — Rules for the conduct of Srdwakas, or secular Jains, apparently 

 in ten lectures. Antakriddasa — On the actions of the Tirthakaras, in ten 

 lectures. Anuttaropapatikadara — On the principal or final births of the 

 Tirthakaras, in ten lectures. Prasnavyakaranam — Grammar of questions, 

 probably on the Code of the Jains. Vipakasrutam — On the fruits or 

 consequences of actions. 



With these are connected inferior Angas or Updngas, the names of 

 which are not specified — whilst the Drishtabida, the twelfth Anga, which 

 seems to be a supplementary authority, is divided into five portions, 

 entitled ; Parikcrmma — On moral acts, Sutra — Precepts for conduct and 

 life ; Purvdnuyoga — On the doctrines and practice of the Tirthakaras 

 before attaining perfection ; Purvagata — -On the same after perfection ! 

 Chulikd — On doctrines and practice not comprised in the two preceding. 



These different works profess to be derived from the oral instruc- 

 tions of Mahavira himself to his disciples, especially to Gautama ; but 

 besides these a class of works is enumerated by Hemachandra, entitled 

 Purvas, because they were drawn up by the Ganadharas before the Angas* 



^^^^f^^^ifisiifnfsj^cj^r I! Maha Cher. Section 5. 



