266 SKETCH OF THE 



IV. Papa, or ' III,'' in contradistinction to the preceding, and imply- 

 ing that which is the cause of unhappiness to mankind : there are eighty- 

 two kinds ; 



As the five Avaranas, or difficulties in acquiring as many gradations 

 of holy or divine wisdom. Five Antardyas, disappointments, or impedi- 

 ments, as not obtaining what is about to be presented, not being able to 

 enjoy an object of fruition when in possession of it, and want of vigour 

 though in bodily health. Four Dersanavasdnas, obstruction, or impediment 

 to information derivable from the senses, or the understanding ; or to the 

 acquirement of divine knowledge. Five states of sleep, inferior birth, 

 pain, as a condition of existence, as when condemned to purgatory, belief 

 in false gods, defect of size or shape, and all the human passions and 

 infirmities — as anger, pride, covetousness, &c, including, amongst the 

 ills of life, laughter and love. 



V. Asrava is that source from which the evil acts of living beings 

 proceed. The varieties are the five ladriyas, or organs of sense ; the four 

 Kashdyas, or passions, as wrath, pride, covetousness, and deceit; the five 

 Avratas, non-observance of positive commands, as lying, stealing, &c. and 

 three Yogas, addiction or attachment of the mind, speech, and body to any 

 act ; Kraiyas, or acts, of which twenty-six varieties are specified as those 

 performed with any part of the body, or with the instrumentality of a 

 weapon, or the like — those prompted by feelings of hate or wrath — those 

 which are inceptive, progressive, or conclusive — those performed by one- 

 self, or through another creature — those which are suggested by impiety, 

 or unbelief in the doctrine of the Trithankdras. 



VI. The sixth Talwa is termed Samvara, and is that by which acts 

 are collected or impeded. There are fifty-seven varieties classed 

 under six heads. 



