RELIGIOUS SECTS OF THE HINDUS. 267 



1. Samiti, keeping the attention properly alive, so as to see imme- 

 diately if an insect is in the way, to refrain from uttering what should 

 not be said, to distinguish any of the forty-two defects in food given as 

 alms, taking or relinquishing any thing indifferently, and avoiding or 

 abandoning unlit things. 



2. Gupti, secrecy, or reserve of three kinds, or in mind, speech 

 and person. 



3. Parislialid, endurance or patience, as when a person has taken 

 a vow of abstemiousness he must bear hunger and thirst ; so he must 

 endure heat and cold, when he practices the immoveable posture of Jain 

 abstraction ; if he is disappointed in what he has laboured or begged for, 

 he must not murmur ; and if he is reviled or even beaten, he must 

 patiently submit. 



4. Yatidherma, the duties of an ascetic, these are ten in number, 

 patience, gentleness, integrity, and disinterestedness, abstraction, morti- 

 fication, truth, purity, poverty, and continence. 



5. BMvand, conviction or conclusion, such as that worldly existences 

 are not eternal, that there is no refuge after death, that life is perpetually 

 migrating through the eighty-four lakhs of living forms, that life is one 

 or many : it also includes perception of the source whence evil acts pro- 

 ceed, and the like. 



The sixth division of this class is Cheritra, practice or observance, 

 of five sorts. Samayika, conventional, or the practice and avoidance of 

 such actions as are permitted or prescribed. Chkedopasthapaniya, preven- 

 tion of evil, as of the destruction of animal life. Pari/iaiavisuddhi, puri- 

 fication by such mortification and penance as are enjoined by the exam- 



