268 SKETCH OF THE 



pie of ancient saints and sages. Sulkshmasamparaya, the practises of 

 those pious men who have attained a certain degree of eminence ; and 

 Yathakhyatam, the same after all the impediments and impurities of human 

 nature are overcome or destroyed. 



VII. Nirjard, the seventh Tativa, is the religious practice that des- 

 troys mortal impurities, or, in other words, penance : it is of two kinds, 

 external and internal ; the first comprehends fasting, continence, silence, 

 and bodily suffering ; the second, repentance, piety, protection of the vir- 

 tuous, study, meditation, and disregard, or rejection of both virtue and 

 vice. 



VIII. JBandha is the integral association of life with acts, as of milk 

 with water, fire with a red hot iron ball : it is of four kinds — Prakriti, the 

 natural disposition or nature of a thing — Sthiti, duration, or measure of 

 time, through which life continues — Anuhhdga, feeling, or sensible quality 

 — Pradesa, atomic individuality. The characters of this principle are 

 illustrated by a confection. 1. According to its natural properties it cures 

 phlegm, bile, &c. ; 2, it remains efficient but for a given period; 3, it is 

 sweet, bitter, sour, &c. ; and 4, it is divisible into large or small pro- 

 portions, retaining each the properties of the whole mass. 



IX. The last of the nine principles is Moksha, or liberation of the 

 vital spirit from the bonds of action : it is of nine sorts. 



Salpadaprarupana. The determination of the real nature of things, 

 the consequence of a finite course of progress through different stages of 

 being and purification. It is attainable only by living creatures of the 

 highest order, or those having the five organs of sense; by those possessed 

 of the Trasakdya, or a body endowed with consciousness and mobility; by 

 those beings which are engendered, not self-produced ; by those which 



