136 COFFEE 



§ a. BOTANICAL SOURCES OF COFFEE SUBSTITUTES 

 AND ADULTERANTS 



Division — Embryophyta Asiphonogama 



Subdivision : — Pteridophyta 



Class : — FiLiCALEs 



FAMILY SOURCE GENUS AND SPECIES PART USED 



Polypodiaceae Dryopteris (Aspidium) Filix- Rhizome (with 



mas Michaux chicory). 



(Male fern) 



Salviniaceae Salvinia coffeoides Heckel (?) ? 



Division : — Embryophyta Siphonogama 

 Subdivision : — Gymnosperm^ 



Pinaceae Juniperus communis L Berry. 



Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lamb.) 

 Britton Leaf. 



Subdivision : — Angiosperm^ 

 Class : — Monocotyledone^ 



Gramineae Agropyrum repens Beauvais — Rhizome (with 



(Couch Grass) chicory). 



Hordeum vulgar e L Roasted grain. 



Oryza sativa L Seed. 



Secale cereale L Seed. 



Triticum cestivum L. (Postum) Roasted grain and 



molasses. 



Zea maize L Seed. 



Cyperaceae Cyperus esculentus L. (chufa Root tubercle or 



tuber) bulblet with chic- 

 ory. 



Palmae Copernicia cerifera Mart. (Wax 



Palm) Seed (nut) . 



Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date 



Palm) Seed. 



Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & 



Pav Seed (nut). 



(Ivory Palm) 

 Liliaceae Asparagus officinalis l^ Seed (with chic- 

 ory). 



Ruscus aculeatus L Seed. 



Iridaceae Iris Pseudo-acorus L Seed. 



Musaceae Musa paradisiaca L Fruit. 



