APPENDIX B 227 



Niirnberg, Regensburg, and Prag 1686 



Hamburg 1687 



Leipzig 1694 



Danzig and Wittenberg 1700 



Stuttgart 1712 



Augsburg 1 7 1 3 



Berlin 1721 



Reutlingen 1 7^0 



England: 



In England, in 1651, a score and one years prior to the establish- 

 ment of coffee-houses in Paris, liquid coffee was sold at Sultaness 

 Head, a "Cophee" house in London. Soon afterward, Pasqua Rossie, 

 the Greek servant of an English merchant named Daniel Edwards, 

 opened a coffee-tent on St. Michael's Alley. By 1657, many coffee- 

 houses existed in London and an excise tax of eight pence per gallon 

 was levied. In 1660, coffee appeared on the statute books and a 

 duty of four pence per gallon was levied. Three years later, a law 

 was passed which required coffee-houses to be licensed. 



During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the coffee-houses 

 reached their height of popularity in England and were intimately 

 associated with the English history of those periods. Here the 

 geniuses of the time mingled and discussed art, science, literature, 

 philosophy, and political conditions. Samuel Pepys, for example, 

 wrote in his diary for February 3, 1663/4: ''In Covent Garden to- 

 night, going to fetch home my wife, I stopped at the great Coffee- 

 house there [Will's Coffee-house], where I never was before: where 

 [were] Dryden, the poet I knew at Cambridge, and all the wits of 

 the town, and Harris the player, and Mr. Hoole of our college. And 

 ... it will be good coming thither, for there, I perceive, is very 

 witty and pleasant discourse." A similar picture is presented in the 

 play Tarugo's Wiles by St. Serfe, acted at the Lincoln's Inn Fields 

 theatre, London, in 1668. Its scene is "a Coffee-House, where is 

 presented a mixture of all kinds of people." In Act III, one throws 

 "a dish of coffee" in another's face, ''and so they fight." With the 

 opening of the eighteenth century, coffee-houses had become firmly 

 established as places of fashionable assemblage: Addison's Spectator 

 for March i, 171 1, says: "There is no place of general resort wherein 

 I do not often make my appearance: sometimes I am seen thrusting 

 my head into a round of politicians at Will's. . . . Sometimes I 



