THE STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, &C. 41 



does not possess its own army or fleet. The Colony pays a fixed 

 contribution towards the support of the garrison of the Straits 

 which belongs to the English army The men-of-war of the China 

 squadron visit from time to time different parts of the Colony, 

 whenever it is necessary or desirable. The excellently organized 

 Police, with European officers and staff, consists of Europeans,. 

 Sikhs, and Malays, and fulfils ail requirements. 



In Penang and Malacca, the Government is represented by Ee- 

 sident Councillors, and though the Governor occupies this place in 

 Singapore, affairs are usually managed, to a certain extent, by the 

 Colonial Secretary, who is the highest official after the Governor. 

 Under these are Magistrates, Collectors and District Officers, who 

 with all others except the Municipal officials are nominated by the 

 Governor. The paid Presidents of the Municipal Council are ap- 

 pointed by the Governor, just as the Eesidents are in the Native 

 States. One-half of its members are appointed by the Governor, 

 and the other h ilf elected by the voting members of the com- 

 munity. 



The officials in the Native States are appointed by the Sultan 

 after consultation with the Eesident. The budgets and laws in 

 these States have to be sanctioned only by the Governor. The 

 Police are under the direct orders of the Resident. 



The Revenues of the Colony, which are contributed to by the 

 three Settlements alone, and are derived from the farms, especially 

 for the sale of opium, stamp fees, land rents, harbour and port 

 duties, fines, &c., amounted in 1868 to about one-and-a-half, and 

 in 1890 to four million dollars. At the end of 1891, the Colony 

 possessed a surplus of two and a quarter million dollars of which, 

 it had but one-and-a-half million as advances to Municipal bodies 

 and Native States. 



The Municipal revenues reach about the following amounts 

 yearly: —Singapore, $500,000; Penang, 1300,000; Malacca, $30,000. 

 They are derived from assessment of houses, local land rents, taxes 

 upon vehicles, horses and dogs, the letting of Municipal property, 

 such as markets and sheds, and finally the proceeds of passes, 

 licenses, certificates, water rates, &c. 



From these are paid the salaries of the Municipal Officials, the 

 contributions to the Colonial Police, the cost of the keeping up of 

 buildings and other institutions, the public roads and bridges, 

 draining and cleansing, street lighting, the fire brigade, &c. 



We have thus in the immediate neighbourhood of our posses- 



