310 NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Raut raut daiin kelapa 



Hendak dibuat lidi penyapu; 

 Tujoh tahun sudah bertapa, 



Kemfidian chari buleh bertemii. 



Ultimately the lovers are reunited. The references in these 

 pantiins will easily be nuderstood by those acquainted with the 

 leading- incidents in the '-Panji Cyckis " of tales-(v. Essays relat- 

 ing to Indo-China, Second Series, Vol. ii. p. 40) It is note- 

 worthy however that Ratara Guru is identified in the pantuns 

 with "Berhmana." "Brahma" is usually "Berma " or "Berma 

 Sakti ; " and the author of the pantun appears to have been a 

 comparative!}^ modern Malay who attempted to improve on the 

 old legend which did not explicitly state who Batara Guru was. 



Another point of interest is the expression "Batara" or 

 " Sang-yang " which is prefixed to " Guru. " " Yang," of course, 

 is not "yang," who, — but " Yang%" a deity (compare Sembah- 

 yang, ka-yang-an.) " Sang-yang" is never (in Malay literature, 

 so far as I am acquainted with it) applied to any demi-god or 

 inferior deity. Thus we have " Sang-yang Guru," " Sang-yang 

 Bisnu," but never " Sangyang Hanuman," or " Sang-yang 

 Dermadewa." These inferior divinities are merely " Sang," 

 (e. g. Sang Dermadewa, Sang Samba, Sang Sri Hanuman) — a 

 honorific also applied to mortals, e.g., Sang Sapurba, Sang Ran- 

 juna Tapa ; and even to animals in fables, e.g., Sang Kanchil, Sang 

 Tikus. The expression " Batara ' is also limited to the greater 

 Hindu divinities (except when used as a royal title), e. g.^ 

 Batara Guru, Batara Kala, Batara Indra, Batara Bisnu, etc. 

 Thus the expressions " Sang-yang " and " Batara, are fairly coin- 

 cident in their application. But there are a few deities of whom 

 the honorific " Sang-yang " is used but not " Batara," e. g., 

 " Sang-yang Tunggal," the only God, " Sang-yang Sokma," etc. 

 Thus "Batara" would seem to be limited in use to the actual 

 names of Hindu deities as distinct from epithets describing those 

 deities. " Batara Guru " would seem to be an exception — the 

 only one — to this rule and to point to the fact the original 

 meaning of " Guru " had been lost sight of and that the expression 

 had come to be regarded only as a proper name. 



In the " Sila-silah Raja-raja di tanah Jawa " (v. Indo-China 



