HANDBOOK FOR CAMPERS. 37 



in the end of the rope on the offside, the near end is put 

 through it, pulled tight and made fast. 



PASTURE FOR SADDLE AND PACK ANIMALS. 



( )n portions of the National Forests where feed is scarce or 

 where stock grazed under Government permit is likely to con- 

 sume the forage needed for travelers' stock, pastures are in- 

 closed in which saddle and pack animals may be certain to find 

 feed. The location of these pastures may be ascertained from 

 the rangers if they are not shown on the Forest maps. In 

 general, however, the feed on the Forest ranges is sufficient to 

 keep saddle and pack stock in good condition if they are per- 

 mitted to get all they can at night. To keep them within 

 bounds, picket ropes are sometimes used. These, however, are 

 liable to cause accidents, rope burns, etc., and where the feed 

 is at all scattered they do not enable the animal to cover a 

 sufficiently wide area unless the picket pin is frequently moved.^ 

 Hobbles are more satisfactory and more generally used. Leather 

 straps, which buckle about each forefoot just below the fetlock 

 and are connected by a short chain, may be purchased. Satis- 

 factory hobbles, however, may be made as follows : 



Cut off about 5 feet of half-inch rope and unwind one strand. 

 Double this strand and tie the ends together in an overhand 

 knot. Put the doubled rope around one forefoot just above the 

 hoof and twist it loosely three or four times. Then place the 

 other forefoot between the ends of the rope and secure by tuck- 

 ing the knot in one end through the loop in the other. If the 

 hobbles have a tendency to chafe, place them above the fetlocks 

 one night and below them the next time. 



ACCIDENTS— FIRST AID. 



First-aid packets should be included with the camp outfit : 

 also a First Aid Manual, which should be studied before start- 

 ing out. In case of any serious accident get to a telephone at 



^ In staking horses tie them by the foreleg, never by the neck. 



