HANDBOOK FOR CAMPERS. 39 



Apply cold \vater, first to the head and then to body, until tem- 

 perature has been reduced and consciousness returns. 



S)iake Mte. — Use a tourniquet between the wound and the 

 lieart, loosening it from time to time. Cut the wound to allow 

 it to bleed freely. If whisky is administered, give it in small 

 doses as needed to prevent collapse, not in a large quantity all at 

 once. The best treatment is hypodermic injections of potassium 

 permanganate near the puncture, with strychnine given hypo- 

 dermically or in tablets to keep up the heart action. 



Poison oak. — Bathe with a saturated solution of baking soda. 

 A decoction of manzanita leaves and bark will sometimes give 

 relief. 



Resuscitation of the apparently drowned. — Send for physician 

 at once. Loosen clothing. The water must be removed from 

 mouth, lungs, and stomach. Water and mucus may be removed 

 from the mouth with the finger. To remove the water from 

 throat and lungs, grasp the patient around the waist from 

 behind and raise the body so that the head and feet hang down. 



To induce artificial respiration. — Place the patient on his 

 back. Draw the tongue forward and if necessary tie with a 

 handkerchief. Kneel at the patient's head and grasp the arms 

 I below the elbows. Draw the arms upward and backward until 

 patient's hands touch the ground behind his head and keep in 

 this position while " one," " two," " three " are slowly counted. 

 Then carry elbows downward slowly, doubling the forearm on 

 the arm, pressing firmly against the chest. Rest a few seconds, 

 and repeat about sixteen times to the minute. Do not give up 

 for at least one hour and a half. 



When signs of life appear, friction and rubbing should be 

 applied, and tea, coffee, or whisky and hot water may be given. 



FIRES AND FIRE FIGHTING. 



The forest-fire risk in California is excessive. The long 

 dry season, the inflammable nature of the cover, and the habit 

 natural to Californians of camping out during the summer tend 



