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plenty of room. A remarkable instance of this was seen by the writers 
in a case where 40 acres were planted out some five years ago with 
large trees affected with foot rot. After three years every tree of 
the several thousand transplanted to this grove seemed to have fully 
recovered. 
Treatment.—Very many attempts have been made, both in Europe 
and in the United States, to find remedies for this malady. One of 
the most important discoveries is that it can be prevented by using 
immune or resistant stocks. It was early noticed that the sour orange 
and trees on sour orange stocks were almost absolutely exempt from 
the malady. By using this stock in setting out young groves the dis- 
ease can be effectually prevented. On high, dry soils, not suited to the 
sour orange, grape-fruit stock can be used, as it also is quite resistant. 
Many curative treatments prove more or less beneficial, and this has 
led to conflicting claims as to which is the best. In many eases it 
has been found sufficient to simply dig away the earth and expose 
the roots. This probably explains why so many different applications 
made to the roots seem to benefit the tree. The very act of opening 
the soil and exposing the roots to the air of itself tends to effect a cure. 
As the disease is probably caused by a parasite, it is important that no 
wounds be made on healthy roots in removing the soil. It is desirable 
to cut away all infected bark and wash the scars with some antiseptic 
solution, such as sulphurous acid, carbolic acid, or sulphur wash. 
Where trees are closely planted it is usually necessary to remove and 
transplant a part of them to give light and air free access to the roots 
and trunk. The use of highly organic nitrogenous fertilizers should be 
avoided, and also excessive or deep cultivation. 
The following is a Summary of the treatments recommended for foot 
rot: 
1. Remove the earth from about the roots for 2 or 3 feet from the 
trunk, being careful not to wound the healthy roots. When the groves 
are furnished with irrigation plants of the kind commonly used in 
Florida, which are capable of delivering a stream of water under con- 
siderable pressure, the earth should be washed away rather than dug 
away from the roots. A good way to do this is to first dig a hole some 
3 feet in diameter and 2 or 3 feet deep about 6 feet from the tree; then 
stand on the opposite side of the tree and wash the soil from under the 
tree, driving it into the hole previously dug. If no hole is dug before 
washing out is attempted the soil is likely to bank up around the tree 
and make it difficult to expose the roots sufficiently. In all cases the 
roots should be left exposed till recovery takes place, except possibly 
during a portion of the winter when severe freezes are liable to occur. 
2, Cut away all diseased spots in the bark of the roots or trunk and 
cover the wounds with one of the following antiseptic solutions: (1) Sul- . 
phurous (not sulphuric) acid, 15 parts to 85 parts of water. This may 
be sprayed on the roots. (2) Carbolic acid, 1 part of crude acid to 1 
