VALUABLE NATIVE TIMBER TREES. 55 



Black walnut (Juglans nigra Linmeus). 



One of the valuable hardwoods of the alluvial bottoms of the north- 

 eastern part of the State. Most of the available bio- timber has been 

 marketed. On the upper Sabine the species attains large proportions. 

 On the western margin of its range it is dwarfed. 



Range. — From southern Ontario to Florida, central Alabama, and 

 Mississippi, and westward through southern Michigan, Wisconsin, and 

 Minnesota to Nebraska, Kansas, and in Texas to the San Antonio River. 

 The tree reaches its best development in the rich bottomlands of south- 

 western Arkansas and Indian Territory and on the western slopes of the 

 Allegheny Mountains. 



Mexican walnut (Juglans rupestris Engelmann). 



A small tree, becoming shrubby, and of interest chiefly as repre- 

 senting the black walnut in the arid Southwest. 



Range. — Along the streams in the Edwards Plateau region of cen- 

 tral Texas, and westward into New Mexico and Arizona and south- 

 west into Mexico. 



Pecan (hickory) (Hicoria pecan (Marsh.) Britton). 



The pecan is native on alluvial soils of river bottoms of the Trinity 

 and westward to the Concho. It becomes a very large tree, 3 to 4 

 feet in diameter, but of medium height (40 to 60 feet), with a very 

 broad spread of crown. The tree is much cultivated in the middle 

 western counties. Nuts are produced in abundance once in two or 

 three years, and find a ready market. The wood has in general the 

 qualities of the other hickories. 



Range. — From Iowa through southern Illinois and Indiana, western 

 Kentucky, and Tennessee, to central Alabama and Mississippi; through 

 Missouri and Arkansas, Indian Territory, western Louisiana, central 

 Texas, and Mexico. It has been considerably extended by cultivation. 



Bitternut (hickory) (Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britton). 



The occurrence of this hickory in Texas is not yet sufficiently 

 determined. 



Range. — From southern Maine and Ontario to Florida; west through 

 central Michigan to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory, 

 and Texas as far as the Trinity River. 



Water hickory (Hicoria aquatica (Mich. f. ) Britton). 



This tree is very abundant on low stream banks and bayous, espe- 

 cially near Orange. Its occurrence elsewhere is not determined. It 

 is a small tree of minor value and not easily accessible. 



Range. — From Virginia through the coast region to Florida; along 

 the Gulf shore to Texas and northward to southern Illinois. The best 

 development is on the lower Mississippi and Yazoo rivers. 



