56 FOREST RESOURCES OF TEXAS. 



Shagbark (hickory) (Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britton). 



In Texas this is the most valuable hickory; it occurs on alluvial bot- 

 tomlands, attaining a diameter of 2 to 3 feet and a height of 60 to 80 

 feet. The wood is heavy, very hard and strong, tough, close-grained, 

 compact, and flexible. It is light brown in color, with the thin and 

 more valuable sapwood nearly white. It is largely used for agricul- 

 tural implements, carriages, ax and tool handles, baskets, and fuel. 



Range. — On rich hillsides and on sandy ridges from the valley of 

 the St. Lawrence River to Michigan and southeastern Minnesota, 

 southward to western Florida, central Alabama, and Mississippi, and 

 westward to eastern Kansas, Indian Territory, and eastern Texas, 

 reaching its best development west of the Allegheny Mountains. 

 Mocker nut (hickory) {Hicoria alba (Linn.) Britton). 



Occurrence in Texas is not sufficiently determined, but it is said 

 to be rather abundant on the rivers in the coast country — e. g. , on the 

 San Bernard — and to attain large size. Its use is the same as the shag- 

 bark hickory. 



Mange. — Ontario to Florida, and west to Missouri, eastern Kansas, 

 Indian Territory, and Texas (Brazos River). 



Pignut (hickory) (Hicoria glabra (Mill. ) Britton). 



In Texas this hickory is one of the upland hardwoods in the short- 

 leaf and post oak areas of the Lignitic Belt. It appears to be rather 

 common and only of medium size — 50 to 70 feet tall and 1 to 2 feet in 

 diameter. 



Range. — This hickory occurs on dry hills and uplands from south- 

 ern Maine to southern Ontario, southern Michigan, Minnesota, the 

 eastern parts of Nebraska and Indian Territory, and south to western 

 Florida and southern Texas. It reaches its best development in the 

 lower Ohio basin. 



Common cottonwood, necklace poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh.). 



In Texas this cottonwood is found in abundance along the banks and 

 often covering the first bottoms of streams, far out into the prairie 

 regions. Its region of best development is in the Red River Valley, 

 where it occurs near the stream in pure forest. Farther back, on the 

 alluvial bottom, it is mixed with many other hardwoods, and attains a 

 height of 100 to 150 feet and a diameter of 4 to 8 feet. It is now 

 extensively used for finishing lumber and for drawers, backs, and par- 

 titions in furniture. The demand for cottonwood lumber is increas- 

 ing. The wood is very light, soft, not strong, close-grained, and 

 compact; liable to warp and hard to season. 



Range. — From Quebec and Vermont, through western New England 

 and New York, Pennsylvania (west of the Alleghenies), Maryland, and 

 the Atlantic States to western Florida, and west to the Rocky Moun- 

 tains from southern Alberta to northern New Mexico. 



