VALUABLE NATIVE TIMBER TREES. 61 



Range. — From southern New J erse} T to central Florida, and through 

 the Gulf States to eastern Texas (Brazos River), Arkansas, southwest- 

 ern Missouri to middle Tennessee and Kentucky, southern Illinois, and 

 Indiana. 

 Black jack (Quercus marilandica Muenchhausen). 



In Texas the black jack is common — often abundant — on all sandy 

 clay or gravelly uplands. Ic reaches a height of 50 to 6( I feet and diame- 

 ter of 1 to 3 feet, but is smaller in the western part of its range. It 

 accompanies the post oak in the Lignitic Belt, in its southwest ward 

 extension in the Cross Timbers, and in the granite and Carboniferous 

 areas of central Texas, reaching to the one hundredth meridian. Fast- 

 ward the tree is used only for fuel; westward it furnishes certain con- 

 struction material for the regions in which timber is scarce. 



Range. — Eastern United States, New York to Florida, and west to 

 the one hundredth meridian. 

 Water oak ( Quercus nigra Linnaeus) . 



In Texas the water oak is very abundant along the bayous and in 

 swamp3 T bottoms as far west as the Colorado River. It attains in these 

 situations large proportions, averaging probabty 3 feet in diameter 

 and 60 to 70 feet in height. The water oak has been used only for 

 fuel and minor purposes. The wood is heav} r , hard, strong, coarse- 

 grained, and compact, rather light brown in color; the sapwood, lighter. 



R<()ige. — Southern Delaware to Florida; west to the Appalachian 

 Mountains and through the Gulf States to Texas (Colorado River); 

 northward to Arkansas, southern Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee. 



Blue jack {Quercus brevifolia (Larnark) Sargent). 



The occurrence and quantity of blue jack is not well determined. 

 It appears to be one of the common upland oaks in the shortleaf pine 

 belt. 



Range. — From North Carolina (maritime belt) to Florida; west on 

 the Gulf coast to Texas (Brazos River, and inland as far as Dallas). 

 Cedar elm ( Ulmus crassifolia Nuttall). 



In Texas the cedar elm is abundant along streams west of the Lig- 

 nitic Belt, becoming a large and beautiful tree in the bottoms of the 

 Colorado and Brazos rivers from near the coast through the Cretaceous 

 regions. Here the height attained reaches 50 to 70 feet and the diame- 

 ter 3 feet. In the Edwards Plateau country, cedar elm is common on 

 the uplands wherever rich soil has collected, but here it is small — 20 to 

 40 feet tall, and S to 12 inches in diameter. At Austin the wood is 

 used for fuel. It is, however, inferior for this, but would probably 

 be useful in turnery, woodenware, posts, and small timbers. 



Range. — From Mississippi through southern Arkansas and Texas 

 (from the coast to the Pecos River) to Mexico (Nuevo Leon). 



