933 (India) ; Kawakita 1956 (Nepal); Lin- 
zorovsky 1949 (Afghanistan); Malik 1962 
aaston 1922 (India); Pirson 1962 (India); 
Nepal); Schweinfurth 1957; Shebbeare 1934 
zh 1929 (Kashmir); Stebbing 1906 (Baluchi- 
[955-1956 (Nepal); Troup 1921 (Pakistan); Ward 
bet), 1936b (Tibet), 194la, 1944-45 (Burma), 1949 
jurma) ; L. H. J. Williams 1953 (Nepal). 
Unpublished—Wang Chi-Wu 1964 (Burma, China). 
; dalatensis de Ferré MAP 14 
Pinus dalatensis de Ferré, Toulouse Soc. d’Hist. 
Nat Bul) 952) 178) fig: 271351960: 
This recently described pine is confined to the mountains 
near the town of Dalat in southern Vietnam. De Ferré (1960) 
considers it most closely related to Pinus griffithit, from which 
it is separated by more than 1,000 miles, and to P. peuce of 
southeastern Europe. 
Source: 
Published—de Ferré 1960. 
Pinus parviflora Sieb. & Zuce. MAP 13 
Japanese white pine 
Pinus parviflora Sieb. & Zucc., Fl. Jap. 
221, tet lo. L844. 
Japanese white pine grows throughout Japan as far 
north as southern Hokkaido, and on the Korean island of 
Utsuryo (Ullung). It is the northernmost of a chain of 
related white pines which replace each other along the east- 
ern edge of Asia from Vietnam to Hokkaido, Japan (Pinus 
parviflora, P. morrisonicola, P. fenzeliana, and possibly P. 
wangi). P. parviflora consists of two geographical varieties 
which intergrade in central Honshu, The northern variety is 
sometimes called P. pentaphylla Mayr; the southern, P. hime- 
komatsu Miyabe & Kudo or a variety of the former. 
Sources: 
Published—Hayashi 1954 (Japan); Uyeki 1926 (Korea). 
Pinus morrisonicola Hayata MAP 14 
Taiwan white pine 
Pinus morrisonicola Hayata, Gard. Chron., Ser. 
Oe Oa O08! 
This pine is confined to the mountains of Taiwan. It 
is closely allied to both Pinus parviflora of Japan and P. 
fenzeliana of southern China. 
Source: 
Unpublished—Forest Research Institute, Taiwan, to N. 
T. Mirov 1961. 
Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz. MAP 14 
Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz., Oesterr. Bot. Ztschr. 
80: 337. 1931. 
This pine grows in southern mainland China (Kwang- 
tung, Kwangsi, and southern Hunan), on the island of 
Hainan, and possibly in central Vietnam. Neither southern 
China nor Vietnam has been thoroughly explored botanically, 
and the range of the species is still poorly known. 
We are including here Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex 
Tsiang (Tsiang 1948), which appears to be synonymous 
with P. fenzeliana. Also included is a white pine of central 
Vietnam which de Ferré (1960) has tentatively classified as 
P. fenzeliana on the basis of a vegetative specimen. This 
Vietnam pine had earlier been variously referred to P. excelsa 
(P. griffithiz) (Chevalier 1919) and P. armandii (Chevalier 
1944). 
8 
Pinus fenzeliana is part of the P. parviflora group, and 
was first classified as P. morrisonicola after its discovery in 
the 1920’s (Merrill 1927). Recently Wu (1956) has re- 
named both P. fenzeliana and P. morrisonicola as varieties of 
P. parviflora. 
Sources: 
Published—de Ferré 1960 (Vietnam); Handel-Mazzetti 
1931 (Hainan); Merrill 1927 (Hainan); Tsiang 1948; Wang 
1961, p. 144 (Kwangsi) . 
Unpublished—Arnold Arboretum Herbarium: W. T. 
Tsang 28496 (N. Kwangsi) . 
Pinus wangii Hu & Cheng MAP 14 
Pinus wangit Hu & Cheng, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 
Bul., n.s., 1: 191. 1948. 
This pine is known only from the limestone hills of south- 
eastern Yunnan where it was discovered. In many features 
it resembles the Pinus parviflora group, but its leaf structure 
is notably different (de Ferré 1960, Kwei and Lee 1963) . 
Source: 
Published—Hu and Cheng 1948. 
SECT. PARRYA Mayr 
SUBSECT. CEMBROIDES Engelm. 
Pinus cembroides Zuce. MAP 15 
Mexican pinyon (see also Map 17) 
Pinus cembroides Zucc., K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 
Miinchen, Abhand]. Math.-Phys. 1: 392. 1832; 
Flora [Jena] 15 (2), Beibl. 93. 1832. 
Mexican pinyon is widespread at low elevations in the 
mountains bordering the arid plateau of northern Mexico. 
It ranges from southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mex- 
ico, and western Texas through northern Mexico and south 
to Puebla and México. It overlaps the closely related Pinus 
edulis in southern Arizona and New Mexico. The reported 
occurrence of P. cembroides in northern Baja California (Shaw 
1909, p. 6; Martinez 1948, p. 84) is not shown on the map. 
Additional sources: 
Published—Goldman 1951; Johnston 1943 (Coah.) ; G. C. 
Rzedowski 1960 (S.L.P.) ; Zobel and Cech 1957 (N.L.). 
Unpublished—C. E. Blanco 1964 (Dgo., Coah.); F. Medel- 
lin-Leal 1964 (S.L.P.); O. Zarzosa L. 1964 (Dgo.). 
Pinus edulis Engelm. MAP 17 
pinyon 
Pinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem, Tour 
North. Mex. 88. 1848. 
Pinyon is widespread in the southwestern United States, 
just entering Wyoming and extending south through Utah, 
Colorado, and New Mexico to the western end of Oklahoma, 
west Texas, and the northern border of Chihuahua; extend- 
ing west throughout much of Arizona to an outlier in eastern 
California. Its range overlaps that of the Mexican pinyon, 
Pinus cembroides, in southern Arizona and New Mexico. P. 
edulis also overlaps, and may occasionally intergrade with, P. 
monophylla at the western edge of its range. The relative 
distribution of these two species has been confused by the 
prevalence of a single-leaved form of P. edulis in central 
Arizona south of the Mogollon Rim, but it has been estab- 
lished that this form is a variation of P. edulis (Little 1950, 
[Ds 74) ie 
