Pinus strobiformis Engelm. MAP 8 
southwestern white pine (see also Map 9) 
Pinus strobiformis Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. Tour 
North. Mex. 102. 1848. 
Southwestern white pine extends from the southern part 
of Colorado through the mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, 
western Texas, and northern Mexico as far south as San Luis 
Potosi. Common synonyms for Pinus strobiformis include 
P. flexilis var. reflexa Engelm., P. reflexa (Engelm.) Engelm., 
and P. ayacahuite var. brachyptera Shaw. This species forms 
a link, both geographically and morphologically, between its 
neighbors P. flexilis and P. ayacahuite. The northern limits 
of P. strobiformis are based on information supplied by J. W. 
Andresen and R. J. Steinhoff (see P. flexilis) and Margaret M. 
Douglass (as P. flexilis var. macrocarpa Engelm.). Southwest- 
ern white pine is apparently separated from its southern rela- 
tive, P. ayacahuite, by a 100-mile gap that does not seem to 
correspond to any comparable discontinuity in suitable 
habitats. 
Additional sources: 
Published—Bailey 1913 (N. Mex.); Gentry 1942, 1946 
(Sin.); Johnston 1943 (Coah.); J. T. Marshall 1957; Plum- 
mer 1904 (Ariz.); Plummer and Gowsell 1904 (N. Mex.) ; 
Rixon 1905 (N. Mex.) ; G. C. Rzedowski 1960 (S.L.P.) ; Zobel 
andeGech: 1957(N-L.):. 
Thesis—James H. Maysilles 1956. Floral relationships 
of the pine forests of western Durango. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. 
Mich., 165 pp., illus. 
Unpublished—J. W. Andresen 1964; M. B. Applequist 
1964 (Ariz.); Margaret M. and J. R. Douglass 1962 (Colo.); 
E. Larsen 1962 (México); R. J. Steinhoff 1963 (Colo.); O. 
Zarzosa L. 1964 (Dgo.). 
Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. MAP 9 
Mexican white pine 
Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. in Schlecht., Linnaea 12: 492. 1838. 
Mexican white pine grows at high elevations from Jalisco 
and Hidalgo through central and southern Mexico to Guate- 
mala, El Salvador, and western Honduras. In _ northern 
Mexico it is replaced by the closely related Pinus strobiformis. 
The single collection from western Jalisco is, according to 
Martinez (1948, p. 126), morphologically intermediate be- 
tween these two white pines. 
Additional sources: 
Published—Allen 1955 (Honduras); Castanos 1962 
(Oax.); Hinds and Larsen 1961 (Jal.); Schwerdtfeger 1953 
(Guatemala); Standley and Steyermark 1958 (Guatemala); 
Wagner 1962 (Chis.). 
Unpublished—P. H. Allen 1962 (El Salvador); B. Hall- 
berg 1964 (Oax.). 
Pinus peuce Griseb. MAP 10 
Balkan pine 
Pinus peuce Griseb., Spicil. Fl. Rumel. Byth. 
rapt ae 
This species is confined to the high mountains of south- 
eastern Europe—southern Yugoslavia, western Bulgaria, north- 
ern Greece, and Albania. It is morphologically similar to the 
blue pine of the Himalayas, Pinus griffithii, from which it is 
separated by more than 3,000 miles. 
Sources: 
Published—Buffault 1931 (Greece); Heske 1959a (AI- 
bania) ; Markgraf 1932; Rikli 1943-1946. 
Unpublished—B. Pejoski (n.d.) to N. T. Mirov. 
Pinus armandii Franch. MAPS 11 AND 12 
Armand pine 
Pinus armandii Franch., Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. 
Nouv. Arch., Sér. 2, 7: 95-96, t. 12. 1885; “armandt.” 
This white pine of moderate and high elevations has a 
notably disjunct distribution. It ranges through western 
and southwestern China from Shansi and Kansu south to 
Yunnan and Kweichow, and west to northern Burma, €x- 
treme northeastern India, and southeastern Tibet. It is also 
present on the islands of Hainan and Taiwan and on two 
islands just south of Kyushu, Japan—Yaku Shima and Tanega 
Shima. In 1924 it was discovered in the Tsangpo Valley of 
southeastern Tibet by the plant explorer F. Kingdon Ward 
(Marquand 1929, Ward 1941b). Not until 1940 was it re- 
ported on the higher mountains of southern Hainan (Mer- 
rill and Chun 1940). 
We have tentatively included here a five-needled pine 
recently discovered in the mountains of western Anhwei 
Province, China. The description of this pine, Pinus an- 
hweiensis, has apparently not been published, but the locality 
where it was found has been reported by Wei (1963) . 
Another little-known white pine, found near Hué in 
central Vietnam, has been variously classified as Pinus arman- 
dit (Chevalier 1944), P. excelsa (P. griffithit) (Chevalier 
1919), and part of the P. fenzeliana complex (de Ferré 1960; 
see P. fenzeliana and Map 14). 
Sources: 
Published—Cheng 1932 (Kweichow), 1939 (Szechuan) ; 
C. K. Chow 1947 (Kansu); Diels 1900 (Szechuan); Farrer 
1926 (Kansu, Szechuan); Handel-Mazzetti 1927 and 1929-1936 
(Szechuan, Yunnan); Hers 1922 (Honan); Hsu 1950 (Yun- 
nan); Kabanov 1962 (Kansu, Shensi); Ku and Cheo 1941 
(Szechuan); Limpricht 1922 (Szechuan); Ludlow 1951 
(Tibet); Marquand 1929 (Tibet); Merril! 1941 (Burma); 
Merrill and Chun 1940 (Hainan); Orr 1933 (Yunnan); Reh- 
der 1923 (Shensi); Rock 1947 (Yunnan) ; Schweinfurth 1957; 
H. Smith 1925 (Shansi); Teng 1940 (Szechuan, Yunnan), 
1947 (Kansu); Walker 1941 (Kansu); Wang 1961; Ward 
1924 (Yunnan), 1941c (Burma), 1949 (Burma), 1952b (As- 
sam); Wilson 1907 (Hupeh), 1913 (Hupeh, Szechuan), 1916 
(Japan), 1926 (Yunnan); Wu 1956. 
Thesis—Chung-Iwen Wu 1947. The phytogeographical 
distribution of pine in China. M.F. thesis, Yale Univ., 74 
pp., illus. 
Unpublished—Forest Research Institute, Taiwan, to N. 
T. Mirov 1961 (Taiwan) ; Shiu-ying Hu 1963; Wang Chi-Wu 
1964. 
Pinus griffithii McClelland MAP 12 
blue pine (see also Map 14) 
Pinus griffithii McClelland in Griffith, Notul. 
Pl. Asiat. 4: 17. 1854; Icon. Pl. As. 4. t. 365, excl. fig. 1-3. 1854. 
Blue pine has also been known as Pinus excelsa Wall., 
P. wallichiana A. B. Jacks., and P. chylla Lodd. It ranges 
throughout the Himalaya Mountains, extending beyond them 
to eastern Afghanistan, northeastern Baluchistan (West Paki- 
stan) , northern Burma, and Yunnan Province, China. It is an 
important component of the middle- and high-elevation Hima- 
layan forests, especially in the drier inner valleys. Its eastern 
outliers in southeastern Tibet and northern Burma have been 
found by the plant explorer F. Kingdon Ward within the past 
few decades. Only recently it has been observed in the cen- 
tral part of India’s Northeast Frontier Agency approximately 
28° N. lat., 90° E. long.) , where it may have been introducet 
(Fiirer-Haimendorf 1955, pp. 18, 62). 
Sources: 
Published—Aitchison 1879, 1881-82 (Afghanistan); Ban- 
erji 1958 (Nepal) ; Bor 1988 (Assam) ; Burkill 1909 (Baluchi- 
stan); Cooper 1983 (Bhutan); Duthie 1893 (Kashmir), 1898 
(Pakistan); Fiirer-Haimendorf 1955 (Assam); Gammie 1898 
