Table 14.—Estimated pulp production by type of pulp and raw material base, Brazil, 1960 
| | | Other 
Type of pulp Parana Eucalyptus Bamboo Bagasse non wood 
pine vegetable 
matter 
Thousand Thousand | Thousand Thousand Thousand 
metric tons metric tons | metric tons | metric tons metric tons 
Wheel amical waren fata to a eit at ec es, Cision 110.0 2.0 0 Wings] 0 
SHS OS 2, Bea a Ai eee ie nae Deeg ee 70.9 8.5 0 8.0 0 
Syl eres ott Sa Sie Becerra eee ae Zand 80. 0 0 Ea 10.8 
Set sek 5 8 eee ee ie es gee 5 2.7 | 8.8 0 | Sal! 
Sune aera Bech See ee aero ia Sen tea cae 5.8 18.0 | De 17.0 8. 4 
Diced ipiities as eoteseo eee ome Ones Ionics ocaice ie atnse 0 On} 0 0 | 41.8 
TS cee a ee a ee 225.3 | 114. 2 | tes | 36.1 66.1 
z 
Percent Percent Percent Percent | Percent 
“Eogaje as Or a ee aa 49.7 25.2 2.5 8.0 14. 6 
crossties for replacements. In 1962 the railroads 
experienced difficulties in procuring the 9,864,000 
crossties needed for replacements and new track 
construction. 
Most crossties are hewn in the forests, often as a 
part-time occupation of isolated settlers. 
the many native species well suited for crossties, 
itatiba, macgaranduba, ipé. sapucaia, bratina, louro, 
goncalo alves, and piquid are most commonly used. 
Satisfactory service of creosoted crossties of certain 
Among 
eucalyptus species from 20-year-old trees promises 
increased use of such crossties. 
Tanning Extracts 
Principal commercial tannin production is based 
on the plantations of introduced green wattle 
(Acacia decurrens), estimated at 100,000 to 125,000 
acres in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa 
Catarina. The five tannin plants in Santa Catarina 
have a total capacity of 47,400 metric tons of tannin, 
but their annual output is estimated at 30,000 tons. 
Two small plants in Mato Grosso make quebracho 
extract. 
Brazil has many native tree species used locally for 
tannin extraction. Official statistics, however. report 
only the collection of the bark of angico, which in- 
ereased from 13,471 metric tons in 1955 to 28,096 
tons in 1961 (table 15). Angico bark, collected from 
several species of the leguminous genus Piptadenia 
_ of the scrub and brush areas and wooded savannas, 
; 
; 
7 
FORESTS AND FOREST INDUSTRIES OF BRAZIL 
Table 15.—Output of nonwood forest products, Brazil, 1955-59 
average and 1960-61, and relative value ! in 1961 
| Quantity 
| Relative 
Product and source | value, 
| 1955-59 1960 1961 1961 
| average 
Metric Metric | Metric | 
| tons tons tons | Percent 
Tanbark, angico...... | 20. 246 | 30.506 | 28,096 0.7 
Rubbers: | 
Hevea........-..| 31,047 | 29,846 30.955 PAS 
@auchoyen ae) 99 621 | 670 4 
Mangabeira..... .| 14 92 | 51 (2) 
Manicoba........| 236 336 | 689 a 
| 
otal gan. sat. 31, 426 | 30,895 | 32, 365 Deen 
| = 
Gums and resins: 
Copaibar sss. 4. -- (3) 58 62 (7) 
Balataseenee ee 597 OAL ly 1, 252 1.6 
Coquirana....... 243 199 143 al! 
Magcaranduba... 779 763 lite .2 
SOnvaltn Hero Reo 1,590 | 1,361 3, 805 ISS 
otalcat sere a (3) 3.598 6,035 Sie 
Mites oe nae 2 | 63009) T1ON678: (1316648 12.9 
Nuts: | 
Brazilecesaeentcee 34,969 | 39,382 | 51,713 12.9 
@ashewesecn so al) os 095 5.506 9, 670 .6 
Motalerteose << 38, 064 | 44,888 | 61,383 13.5 
29 
