percent. Major buyers were the United States, the 
United Kingdom, France, Japan, and the Nether- 
lands. Since 1959 the other-tree-seed category of 
nonwood forest products exports has included only 
uructi (annatto) seeds and tonka beans. These and 
piassava went largely to Europe and the United 
States. 
Brazilian exports of forest products to the United 
States during 1957-61 averaged $21.2 million 
annually. Palm waxes, Brazil nuts. and gums and 
resins accounted for almost 88 percent of this value: 
wood products made up less than 8 percent (table 24). 
The countries of destination of forest products 
_ exports during 1957-61, in order of percent of total 
value of such exports, were as follows: 
Percent 
PNT EINEUEN Ais ctos cathe as cee. eel gcnar esse rey 35.5 
Winitedg States taese-de se ease 20. 6 
Wmiteds Kune dormers: eet eee oe 15.8 
Onur p Ualypaperer seer ah aaGucl- esters aleve 9.3 
Federal Republic of Germany...... 6.5 
While Meee tee ese Gass erat are 3}, 1 
INU Othermencerasth ers, oe rates usin Nene oe 9.2 
Otala tent ets eyo ney: 100. 0 
Table 24.—Brazilian exports of forest products to the United States, 1957-61 
1957-61 average 
Product 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Proportion 
of total 
Quantity | value of 
listed 
products 
Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand 
metric tons | metric tons | metric tons | metric tons | metric tons | metric tons Percent 
Paranaepme lumber. 1.3. 9: 222 ocles aes: 10.2 | 10. 4 10. 1 9.6 8.8 9.8 4.0 
iBraadleatslumbeny..... occ asst 9 a eS ED, sll al D7? Rf) 2, 4 
iBreadleatlorerres: co scetet- 2 eens hae ae: Seal 3.6 4.3 3.6 3.9 Soul =9 
Riywoodsand sveneer 2.20. ....5.5 2 ~ sa.) siste eels ous Sal 58h | 3.0 | 3}, Il Sho) || 2.0 | 49 
Wood manufactures..................--. (t) Oy 5.2 | 3.8 | 4.7 | ea 1.4 
Prlinn tees Bey wag Aiecle Gre tia aca aE eae 8.7 TE 6.4 6.7 650: he Ql 50.8 
Re eeILIS ANCL SINS oh ere Pla ce Seton a iter 3.6 asi Wl 2.8 2.9 | ls] 345 10.8 
Bissentialkollise pes etme een rae oe cae nares | ap? ~ A | AI ett 5B ~4 PASS 
[PRE SCAR IEE sia eiin-6 OO Cho Onn en ne .3 4 4 .6 = 83 .4 at, 
IBrazinuts ret eGo eee oh ess 10.8 10. 4. 6.8 10. 4 See 10.3 | 26. 2 
Miinecllan Cousens ors cen ois Seoiinaee S 1,3 ee Rasy | 2.8 | 5a 16} 1. 4 
1 Insignificant. 
FOREST LEGISLATION 
The Forest Code, put into effect by decree in 1934, 
recognized the common interest of all the people in 
the nation’s forests, regardless of ownership. It 
placed the solution of forestry problems in the hands 
of a central forest service. It also provided that 
where Federal agents had not been appointed, the 
local authorities should exercise the right of guarding 
and conserving the forests under the provisions of the 
code. Its provisions are comprehensive, dealing not 
only with public but also with private forests, from 
the standpoint of classification, use, trespass, and 
administration; and they also apply to other vegeta- 
tion beneficial to the land on which it grows. The 
FORESTS AND FOREST INDUSTRIES OF BRAZIL 
code also provided for the establishment of a Forest 
Fund in the Ministry of Agriculture and the organi- 
zation of a Federal Forest Council with broad ad- 
visory or consultative responsibilities. 
Although the Forest Code contains provisions for 
the establishment and maintenance of sound forestry 
programs, the authorities indicate that it has had no 
appreciable effect in checking overexploitation or 
burning of forests. It has been reported that this 
lack of achievement up to now is due partly to the 
difficulty of changing public attitude and_ public 
habits and partly to insufficient funds and a lack of 
trained personnel. 
39 
