Paulo Development Co., which established the 
first industrial plantation of Parana pine. 
The National Pine Institute is Brazil’s most in- 
fluential forestry organization, set up to study and 
find a practical solution to the problems of production 
and commerce of pine. and other important species. 
This autonomous semipublic agency. established by 
Federal law in 1941 and strengthened in 1942, and 
now under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of In- 
dustry and Commerce, is governed by a_ board 
composed of an equal number of representatives of 
Under the 
law the National Pine Institute has the power to 
State governments and trade syndicates. 
regulate production and export of Parana pine lum- 
ber: contzol is by quotas distributed among licensed 
sawmills and exporters. All Parana pine operators 
Although its 
activities are confined almost exclusively to the 
must be registered with the institute. 
Parana pine region, this agency levies a tax of 0.5 
percent on the value of all lumber produced in the 
country, a situation which the producers of broad- 
leaf lumber find unsatisfactory. The minimum cut- 
ting diameter set by the institute is 16 inches for 
Parana pine. It has established grade standards for 
Parana pine lumber exports, built lumber storage 
facilities at Sao Paulo, developed a lumber port at 
Paranagua, and has been responsible for the reforest- 
ing of thousands of acres in the southern States. 
It also gives technical advice to sawmill operators 
and lumber dealers. A lumber coordinating com- 
mittee has recently been established within the 
National Pine Institute to exercise general control 
over the forest products industry. 
A nationwide forest survey was authorized by the 
1934 Federal Forest Code. In 1954 an FAO mission 
began an inventory of part of the Amazon rain 
forest: reports on the six selected areas have been 
In 1959-60 a 
survey of more than 1.3 million acres in the Parana 
pine area was made in the State of Santa Catarina. 
Within its limited resources the Federal Forest 
made to the government of Brazil. 
Service is engaged in a movement to create a new 
attitude toward the forest resources of the country 
The State 
forest services. the National Pine Institute, and the 
National Agricultural Society are also promoting 
on the part of all ages and social classes. 
forestry through the use of various media such as 
exhibitions, radio, motion pictures, and publications. 
FOREST EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 
The National School of Forestry at Vigosa, Minas 
Gerais. was established in March 1960 by agreement 
between the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry 
of Education and Culture, and the Rural University 
of the State of Minas Gerais. 
program Purdue University has provided assistance 
Under a cooperative 
in determining the goals, functions. and methods of 
operation of the forestry school. Recommendations 
have been made for teaching positive. constructive, 
cooperative forestry and developing cooperative 
research programs. Some of the difficulties faced 
are lack of Brazilians trained in forestry to serve as 
teachers, a scarcity of technical literature, especially 
in Portuguese, and irregular availability of funds. 
In 1961 the Government of Brazil and the Food and 
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 
signed an agreement that planned the investment of 
more than a million U.S. dollars on the part of the 
United Nations over a 5-year period involving the 
Only the State of Sao 
Near 
Santarem, Para, a training center for workers in the 
forestry school at Vigosa. 
Paulo has a school for training forest guards. 
timber industry has been in operation since August 
1957. 
Forest research has been concentrated largely on 
the introduction of exotic species for reforestation; 
to this has been added studies on natural and ar- 
Engaged in this 
work are the Federal Forest Service, several private 
tificial regeneration of Parana pine. 
companies, and especially the State of Sao Paulo, 
which maintains a research center in the State forest 
of Jundiai where propagation methods and _ the 
introduction of exotic Eucalyptus and a number of 
Pinus and other conifer species are being tested. 
With the federalization of railways, the Rio Claro 
experiment station comes under forest administration 
of the State of Sao Paulo as a Department of Forest 
Research. 
A small experimental planting of slash pine (Pinus 
elliottii), started in 1957 in the Forest Park of Getilio 
Vargas in the State of Sao Paulo, was so successful— 
losses of less than | percent on relatively poor sites— 
that larger scale plantings are being tried. 
Tropical rain forest problems are investigated by 
49 FOREST RESOURCE REPORT 16, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
