(Photo courtesy United Nations.) 
Figure 25.—Mill near Belém cutting hardwood logs. 
Pulp and Paper 
The pulp and paper industry is the most progres- 
sive branch of Brazil’s forest-based industries. It 
is dominated by a few large modern plants, although 
many small and inefficient establishments still exist. 
In addition to 33 mills producing chemical pulp from 
wood and bamboo and 12 mills making pulp from 
bagasse and other nonwood material, there are over 
States 
which make only mechanical woodpulp, mostly from 
200 small establishments in the southern 
Parana pine. There were also 69 active papermills 
in 1960, of which 40 were integrated with pulpmills. 
Total pulp production for 1961 reached nearly 
500,000 metric tons, an increase of 47 percent over 
(table 11). 
pulpmills accounted for about half, and one mill for 
1958 production The seven largest 
one-fourth of the country’s pulp output.2 Paper 
production in 196] totaled 501,000 metric tons 
(table 12), with the 12 largest papermills furnishing 
3 Brazil’s principal pulp and paper producers and their 
approximate output for 1960 are given in table 26, p. 48. 
Table 11.—Pulp production, Brazil, 1958-61 
Kind 1958 1959 1960 1961 
Thou- | Thou- | Thou- | Thou- 
| sand | sand sand sand 
| metric | metric metric | metric 
Mechanical: | tons tons tons tons 
Ground wood........| 91.0 91.0 92.0 95.0 
Defibrated: 224 2. ye fe A) 20.0 20. 0 22.0 
| | 
Total, . ..+...:0...| 111. 0°} 100. 0.110250; sean 
| | — 
Chemical: 
Sulfite bleached......) 26.5 30.0 53. 0 58. 0 
Sulfite unbleached....| 57.0 50. 0 34. 4 39.5 
Sulfate bleached......| 7.2 18.0 | 82.4 90.0 
Sulfate unbleached....| 66.0 Se i Gen 60. 0 
Sodalnk na Neh a hoe. ov tered 23.0 24. 7 PM ar) 
Semichemical........ 12.1 14. 0 Bile 58. 2 
Dissol wane eer 40. 0 10. 0 11.8 43.5 
Totalets deren ..| 224.9 | 263.0 | 341.0 | 376.7 
Grand total........ 335.9 | 374.0 | 453.0 493. 7 
26 FOREST RESOURCE REPORT 16, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
